This study tried to find the strategies applied in three English translations of the Battle of Rostam and Esfandiyar. To this aim, the source text (ST) was analyzed verse by verse with each verse being compared with its English translations to determine what procedures the translators had used to render the source text. Subsequently, the frequency of usage for each procedure was measured ...

A significant part of the meaning of any text lies in the author's style. Different choices of words and syntactic structure convey different nuances in meaning, which must be carried through in any translation if it is to be considered faithful. Up to now, machine translation systems have been unable to do this. Subtleties of style are simply lost to current MT systems. The goal of the present...

WASP is a forward reasoning rule-based system that takes as input data a set of words and a set of verse patterns and returns a set of verses. Using a generate and test method, guided by a set of construction heuristics obtained from formal literature on Spanish poetry, the system can operate in two modes: either generating an unrestricted set of verses, or generating a poem according to one of...

due to its specific characteristics, special theoretical principles are involved in translation of religious text. the texts of this genre are classified into two categories of divine and non-divine each with its own considerations in the act of translation. nahj-al-balaghah is one of the non-divine islamic texts. two of the well-known translations of it into persian are those by seyed jafar sh...

format. The novel is still the most popular genre in the young adult literature market, and so by calling it “a novel,” publishers and authors reassure readers that this is what they’ve come to enjoy. Equally important, booksellers will shelve the book with other novels rather than with poetry, though my own experience is that the shelving process in bookstores and libraries is an inconsistent ...

We show that phrase structures in Penn Treebank style parses are not optimal for syntaxbased machine translation. We exploit a series of binarization methods to restructure the Penn Treebank style trees such that syntactified phrases smaller than Penn Treebank constituents can be acquired and exploited in translation. We find that by employing the EM algorithm for determining the binarization o...

The Pram6na-vdrttika (hereafter PV) was the most extensive and ambitious work on epistemology to be written by Dharmakirti (ft. 7th centurY C.E.). It is a verse work divided into four chapters, to only one of which did the author write his own commentarY (svavrtti) in prose. The subject matter of the Pram~na-v~rttika-svavrtti (hereafter PVSV) is the process of drawing inferences (anum~na) for o...

This paper proposes an automatic interpretation system that integrates freestyle sentence translation and parallel text based translation. Free-style sentence translation accepts natural language sentences and translates them by machine translation. Parallel text based translation provides a proper translation for a sentence in the parallel text by referring to a corresponding translation of th...

Existing remote sensing change detection methods are heavily affected by seasonal variation. Since vegetation colors different between winter and summer, such variations inclined to be falsely detected as changes. In this letter, we proposed an image translation method solve the problem. A style-based recalibration module is introduced capture features effectively. Then, a new style discriminat...

In this paper, a positioning task that includes translation and rotation is investigated and experimental results of three movement processes (i.e., initial feedforward movement (IFFM), coarse error-corrective feedback movement (coarse EFBM), and fine error-corrective feedback movement (fine EFBM)) are reported for translation and rotation, and for spatially-coupled style and spatially-decouple...