Purpose: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which include eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are important to mental health and physical health. In recent years, A lower level of omega-3 PUFAs has been proposed to be linked with mental disorders that are schizophrenia, depression, dementia, bipolar disorder and attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)....

Purpose: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which include eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are important to mental health and physical health. In recent years, A lower level of omega-3 PUFAs has been proposed to be linked with mental disorders that are schizophrenia, depression, dementia, bipolar disorder and attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)....

mother's and infant exposure to cigarette smoke is one of the most important public health problems. there is no study in iran evaluating the impact of cigarette smoke on infant growth and development. the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cigarette. this prospective cohort study was conducted on 51 cigarette smoke-exposed infants (exposed group) and 51 non-exposed infants (...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that self-reports tend to underestimate smoking status, especially among women in Korea. We therefore assessed the characteristics of Korean women smokers who falsely described themselves as non-smokers. METHODS The subjects were 4,135 adult women aged ≥19 years who participated in the 2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Of thes...

OBJECTIVE Smoking prevalence is frequently estimated on the basis of self-reported smoking status. That can lead to an underestimation of smoking rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference between self-reported smoking status and that determined through the use of objective measures of smoking at a pulmonary outpatient clinic. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involvin...

BACKGROUND In this study, we used data from Australia's Northern Territory to assess differences in self-reported smoking prevalence between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations. We also used urinary cotinine data to assess the validity of using self-reported smoking data in these populations. METHODS The Aboriginal Birth Cohort (ABC) is a prospective study of 686 Aboriginal babies b...

BACKGROUND CYP2A6 metabolizes nicotine to its primary metabolite cotinine and also mediates the metabolism of cotinine to trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (3HC). The ratio of 3HC to cotinine (the "nicotine metabolite ratio", NMR) is an in vivo marker for the rate of CYP2A6 mediated nicotine metabolism, and total nicotine clearance, and has been associated with differences in numerous smoking behaviors....

BACKGROUND Skin autofluorescence, a biomarker for advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulation, has been shown to predict diabetes-related cardiovascular complications and is associated with several environmental and lifestyle factors. In the present study, we examined the association between various smoking behaviors and skin autofluorescence, as well as the association between several ...

BACKGROUND Korean women are known to have a very low smoking rate. However, the actual smoking rate among Korean women is higher than 10% and may continue to increase gradually. In addition, some Korean women use extreme weight control methods that have potentially harmful effects. This study was conducted to elucidate weight control methods related to cotinine-verified smoking among Korean adu...