Ribosome profiling provides a detailed view into the complex dynamics of translation. Although the precise relation between the observed ribosome footprint densities and the actual translation elongation rates remains elusive, the data clearly suggest that elongation speed is quite heterogeneous along the transcript. Previous studies have shown that elongation is locally regulated by multiple f...

A significant percentage of the methyltransferasome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and higher eukaryotes is devoted to methylation of the translational machinery. Methylation of the RNA components of the translational machinery has been studied extensively and is important for structure stability, ribosome biogenesis, and translational fidelity. However, the functional effects of ribosomal protein...

The effects of tRNA, RF1 and RRF on trans-translation by tmRNA were examined using a stalled complex of ribosome prepared using a synthetic mRNA and pure Escherichia coli translation factors. No endoribonucleolytic cleavage of mRNA around the A site was found in the stalled ribosome and was required for the tmRNA action. When the A site was occupied by a stop codon, alanyl-tmRNA competed with R...

Polyamines are essential cell constituents whose depletion results in growth cessation. Here we have investigated potential mechanisms of action of polyamines in supporting mammalian cell proliferation. We demonstrate that polyamines regulate translation both at the initiation and at the elongation steps. L-alpha-difluoromethylornithine treatment resulting in polyamine depletion reduces protein...

Subcellular targeting and local translation of mRNAs are critical for axon development. However, the precise local control of mRNA translation requires investigation. We report that the Fmr1-encoded protein, FMRP-mediated axonal delivery of miR-181d negatively regulates axon elongation by locally targeting the transcripts of MAP1B (Map1b) and calmodulin (Calm1) in primary sensory neurons. miR-1...