Oil and gas industry is one of the most capital-intensive in world. Each step oil processing starting from exploration, exploitation, up to abandonment field, consumes large amount capital. Optimization each process essential reduce expenditure. In this paper, optimization fluid flow pipeline during transportation will be observed studied order increase performance. This paper concentrates on c...

gas hydrate formation in production and transmission pipelines and consequent plugging of these lines have been a major flow-assurance concern of the oil and gas industry for the last 75 years. gas hydrate formation rate is one of the most important topics related to the kinetics of the process of gas hydrate crystallization. the main purpose of this study is investigating phenomenon of gas hyd...

This study focuses on two endemic Anatolian Gomphocerinae Fieber, 1853 species, which are evaluated in terms of nomenclature and taxonomy using biogeographical, morphological, and acoustical data. The original description of Eremippus zeybekoglui is supplemented by the data on new specimens collected from type locality, and the female of this species is described for the first time in this stud...

Virtual-pipeline is an alternative method of transporting natural gas to places where there are no pipeline networks available. It is based on a modular system of compression or liquefaction, transport and decompression and/or regasification of natural gas, which communities, industries, gas stations and others can use. In virtual-pipelines compressed/liquefied natural gas is transported by var...

Gas hydrate formation in production and transmission pipelines and consequent plugging of these lines have been a major flow-assurance concern of the oil and gas industry for the last 75 years. Gas hydrate formation rate is one of the most important topics related to the kinetics of the process of gas hydrate crystallization. The main purpose of this study is investigating phenomenon of gas hyd...

a stand-off Raman spectrometer has been developed to make observations of liquid samples within a gas pipeline. The instrument is based on a static Fourier Transform spectrometer. The high etendue offered by the instrument enabled four liquid samples to be measured from a distance of 2.4 m within a gas pipeline. Liquids were identified with depths less than 5 mm demonstrating that the concept i...

Regulatory authorities in many countries are moving away from prescriptive approaches for keeping natural gas pipelines safe. As an alternative, risk management based on a quantitative assessment is being considered to improve the level of safety. This paper focuses on the development of a simplified method for the quantitative risk assessment for natural gas pipelines and introduces parameters...

In order to improve the administrative level of pipeline safety among the surrounding environment, this paper proposes a pipeline risk assessment system of space and visualization based on the current situation of the gas pipeline risk assessment. The database of pipeline surrounding natural environment and social environment are established by using GIS. And the scatter grams on the accident s...

Gas hydrate formation in production and transmission pipelines and consequent plugging of these lines have been a major flow-assurance concern of the oil and gas industry for the last 75 years. Gas hydrate formation rate is one of the most important topics related to the kinetics of the process of gas hydrate crystallization. The main purpose of this study is investigating phenomenon of gas hyd...

In 1996, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) established criteria it uses when evaluating proposals for marketbased rates by natural gas pipelines. Since that time, a number of significant developments have occurred, both in markets for natural gas transportation and in economic tools for marketpower assessment. This article will review the current approach for measuring interstate ...