Aggresome formation is initiated upon proteasome failure, and facilitates autophagic clearance of protein aggregates to protect cells from proteotoxicity. Here we demonstrate that proteasome inhibition generates a signaling event to trigger aggresome formation. In aggresome signaling, the cell senses a build-up of aberrant newly synthesized proteins. The translation elongation factor eEF1A asso...

Saccharomyces cerevisiae K1 killer strains are infected by the M1 double-stranded RNA virus encoding a secreted protein toxin that kills sensitive cells by disrupting cytoplasmic membrane function. Toxin binding to spheroplasts is mediated by Kre1p, a cell wall protein initially attached to the plasma membrane by its C-terminal GPI anchor. Kre1p binds toxin directly. Both cells and spheroplasts...

Peroral challenge with toxin A from Clostridium difficile induced the formation of antisecretory factor in rats. The animals were given 100 micrograms of the toxin, which was followed by a pronounced diarrhoea and by the appearance of antisecretory factor in the pituitary gland. In electrofocusing, the induced antisecretory factor separated in two peaks (pI 5.4 and 5.0); both fractions showed a...

A cadherin-like protein has been identified as a putative receptor for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac toxin in Helicoverpa armigera and plays a key role in Bt insecticidal action. In this study, we produced a fragment from this H. armigera Cry1Ac toxin-binding cadherin that included the predicted toxin-binding region. Binding of Cry1Ac toxin to this cadherin fragment facilitated the formati...

It has been shown in several instances that the antibody response to antigens of certain types may be greatly modified by the incorporation of staphylococcus toxin in the immunizing material. Under such conditions of combined immunization the antibodies produced to the major antigen are increased in amount and, in some cases at least, they seem to exhibit qualitative properties not usually enco...

In a preceding paper it was shown that low concentrations of diphtheria toxin, in the presence of NAD 1 as an essential cofactor, inhibit the incorporation of amino acids into TCA-precipitable peptides in mammalian cell extracts (1). Collier (2) has demonstrated that this inhibitory action of the toxin is due to the specific inactivation of transferase II , one of the highly labile soluble enzy...