Reaction of (ClMe2SiC5H4)2ZrCl2 (1) with K (Na) in liquid ammonia/toluene at -78 °C gave the ansa-zirconocene dihydride [{HN(SiMe2C5H4)2Zr(μH)H}2] (3). Alternatively, treatment of (MeC5H4)2ZrCl2 (2) with K (Na) or NaNH2 in liquid ammonia/toluene produced the zirconium cluster [{(MeC5H4)Zr}5(μ5-N)(μ3-NH)4(μ-NH2)4] (4). The reaction of 2 with NaNH2 in THF led also to the formation of 4.

Reduction of [U(Ts(Tol))(Cl)(μ-Cl)U(Ts(Tol))(THF)2] [2, Ts(Tol) = HC(SiMe2NAr')3; Ar' = 4-MeC6H4)] with KC8 in toluene afforded the new arene-bridged diuranium complex [{U(Ts(Tol))}2(μ-η(6):η(6)-C6H5Me)] (3); combined structural, spectroscopic, magnetic, and computational analyses unambiguously confirm that the uranium centres in 3 are in the +5 oxidation state and the toluene is a 10π-tetraanion.

Toluene gas was successfully measured at room temperature using a device microfabricated by a nanoimprinting method. A highly uniform nanoporous thin film was produced with a dense array of titania (TiO(2)) pores with a diameter of 70 ≈ 80 nm using this method. This thin film had a Pd/TiO(2) nanoporous/SiO(2)/Si MIS layered structure with Pd-TiO(2) as the catalytic sensing layer. The nanoimprin...

Primary features of hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation during toluene degradation were studied to evaluate if analysis of isotope signatures can be used as a tool to monitor biodegradation in contaminated aquifers. D/H hydrogen isotope fractionation during microbial degradation of toluene was measured by gas chromatography. Per-deuterated toluene-d(8) and nonlabeled toluene were supplied...

Methanogenic flowthrough aquifer columns were used to investigate the potential of bioaugmentation to enhance anaerobic benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylene (BTEX) degradation in groundwater contaminated with ethanol-blended gasoline. Two different methanogenic consortia (enriched with benzene or toluene and o-xylene) were used as inocula. Toluene was the only hydrocarbon degraded within 3 years...

The effect of tail pinch on acetylcholine release in the striatum of freely moving rats was studied by microdialysis immediately after inhalation exposure to toluene (2000 ppm, 2 h) or exposure to air only. It has recently been found that toluene increases extracellular dopamine levels while decreasing acetylcholine release, and that dopamine uptake inhibition increases both extracellular dopam...

Biotrickling filters for air pollution control are expected to encounter fluctuating conditions or periods without pollutant supply. In the present study, we investigated the effect of pollutant starvation in bench-scale biotrickling filters treating toluene. The experimental protocol consisted of starving biotrickling filters under various conditions: with or without airflow, with or without l...

The effects of toluene on lipid peroxidation and rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation have been studied in isolated systems and in vivo. The induction of reactive oxygen species was assayed using the probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA). Toluene exposure (1 g/kg, 1 hr, i.p.) did not stimulate cortical lipid peroxidation as evaluated by measurement of conjugated dienes....