This paper presents the application of Differential Evolution (DE), an Evolutionary Computation method, for the optimization of Thermal Cracking operation. The objective in this problem is the estimation of optimal flow rates of different feeds to the cracking furnace under the restriction on ethylene and propylene production. Thousands of combinations of feeds are possible. Hence an efficient ...

The microstructure and local mechanical characteristics of thermal spray ferrous coatings have been determined. The emphasis has been on coatings made by the high velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) process, especially the role of Al alloy additives. The oxide phase present in the material and preferred pathways for local cracking and separation have been determined. Thin intersplat oxide layers emerge as ...

The typical user environment load spectrum varies significantly between different electronic applications but changes in temperature are involved in nearly all of them. Owing to the increasing number of integrated high-performance functions, smartphones and handheld computers, for example, can experience significant changes in temperature during normal operation. The changes in temperature are ...

Direct metal SLS processes use a high power laser beam to selectively fuse fully metallic powder to directly produce functional metal components or tooling. As a thermal dynamic process, it inevitably causes thermal stresses, stress-induced deformations and cracking. Understanding these is very important in controlling residual stresses and stress-induced deformations. In this research, the res...

Two themes form the basis of this study on fibre reinforced laminated composites: namely 'thermal residual stress' and 'transverse cracking'. Thermal residual stresses are inherent to any composite structure and are internal stress within the structure that form during manufacture. Their formation arises from the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion of the fibre and the matrix. These ...

Influence of the presence of CO2, which is a mild oxidant, on the performance of the thermal cracking of ethane to ethylene in the absence or presence of limited O2 at different temperatures (750– 900°C), space velocities (1500–9000 h) and CO2/C2H6 and O2/C2H6 mole ratios (0–2⋅0 and 0–0⋅3 respectively) has been investigated. In both the presence and absence of limited O2, ethane conversion incr...

The damage and fracture of materials are technologically of enormous interest due to their economic and human cost. They cover a wide range of phenomena like e.g. cracking of glass, aging of concrete, the failure of fiber networks in the formation of paper and the breaking of a metal bar subject to an external load. Failure of composite systems is of utmost importance in naval, aeronautics and ...

Mechanisms of cracking and delamination within thick thermal barrier systems in aero-engines subject to calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate (CMAS) penetration S. Krämer a,∗, S. Faulhaber a, M. Chambers a, D.R. Clarke a, C.G. Levi a, J.W. Hutchinson b, A.G. Evans a a Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5050, United States b Division of Engineering and Applied S...

A concept of "Fractal Fracture Mechanics" for HDR .(Hot Dry Rock) geothermal reservoir design has been developed as an extension of conventional rock fracture mechanics. It is suggested that this concept is successfully applicable to characterize and model subsurface fracture network in HDR geothermal reservoir. Furthermore, this modeling procedure makes it possible to evaluate the thermal ener...

To develop new reactor options for thermal cracking of ethane or other light hydrocarbons to lower olefins a fundamental process synthesis approach is taken. Firstly, an optimal reaction path and conditions are targeted, starting from a mechanistic reaction network. Secondly, to implement the optimal reaction path the reactor geometry and equipment are designed. This contribution focuses on the...