Samara district is one of the districts allocated by S.M. Razumovsky in scheme botanical and geographical zoning. This area geographically delineates successional system broad-leaved forests with key species Tilia cordata, Quercus robur, Acer platanoides, Ulmus glabra. outlined boundaries on a small-scale provided list guiding species. The purpose this paper to give brief description area, outl...

The growing geographic disconnect between consumption of goods, the extraction and processing of resources, and the environmental impacts associated with production activities makes it crucial to factor global trade into sustainability assessments. Using an empirically validated environmentally extended global trade model, we examine the relationship between two key resources underpinning econo...

Significant political and economic changes occurred in Tibetan pastoral areas after the 1950s: Tibet's political economy was transformed from a feudal theocracy, to collectivized communes (19671980), through to the contemporary hybrid of capitalism and socialism (1981-present). These sweeping changes prompt this investigation into the dynamics of common property in relation to political develop...

Identifying behavioral mechanisms that underlie observed movement patterns is difficult when animals employ sophisticated cognitive-based strategies. Such strategies may arise when timing of return visits is important, for instance to allow for resource renewal or territorial patrolling. We fitted spatially explicit random-walk models to GPS movement data of six wolves (Canis lupus; Linnaeus, 1...

This study explains the mismatch between the planned domain of integrated infomiation systems and the existing territorial rationalities. We define a territorial rationality as a collective perspective which serves as a philosophical basis or a conceptual lens for decision-making. We define a territorial entity as members of an organization (or organizations) who hold this territorial rationali...

Mate-guarding and territorial aggression (both intra- and inter-sexual) are behavioral components of social monogamy seen in male coppery titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus) both in the field and in the laboratory. Methodology for studying these behaviors in captivity facilitates the translation of questions between field and laboratory. In this study, we tested whether exposure to a mirror would...

The behavior of territorial males in a polygynous mating species may be influenced by a variety of factors related to site-specific conditions. In this paper, the behavioral dynamics of territorial male California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) are characterized throughout the breeding season and across rookery sites at Los Islotes Island in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Observations focu...

Because virtually all organisms compete with others in their social environment, mechanisms that reduce conflict between interacting individuals are crucial for the evolution of stable families, groups, and societies. Here, we tested whether costs of social conflict over territorial space between Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis) are mitigated by kin-selected (genetic relatedness)...