Therapy with the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (2-propylpentanoic acid, VPA) during early pregnancy can cause similar teratogenic effects (neural tube defects) in human and mice. In this study a new molecular bioassay is presented using following endpoints: differentiation of F9 teratocarcinoma cells, altered cell morphology, induction of possible targeted genes, and the induction of viral R...

The maxillary regions of day-12.5 ICR mouse fetuses were cultured in a chemically-defined serumless medium and the effects of methylxanthine derivatives on cultured palates were studied. Explanted palates were treated for 72 hr in vitro with 0.5-2 mM caffeine (CA), 1-2 mM theophylline (TP), or 1-2 mM theobromine (TB). Although the three compounds tested did not prevent the contact of opposing p...

The isotretinoin, a 13-cis-retinoic acid, has revolutionized the management of severe treatment-resistant acne and it has been widely used for a range of dermatological conditions, in 90% of the time in young women between 13 and 45 years of age. This agent has severe teratogenic effects, as serious craniofacial, cardiovascular, thymic and central nervous system malformations. The baseline popu...

Present study was conducted to evaluate the teratogenic effects of sublethal concentrations viz., 19.36, 9.7, and 4.8μg/g BW of deltamethrin, which was administered orally to the pregnant mice on day 6 of gestation. The fetuses were recovered on day 18 of gestation. The morphological studies revealed abnormalities including sacral hygromae, microcephally, micromelia, open eyelids, microphthalmi...

BACKGROUND Although prescription drug use is common during pregnancy, the human teratogenic risks are undetermined for more than 90% of drug treatments approved in the USA during the past decades. A particular birth defect may have its origins through multiple mechanisms and possible exposures, including medications. A specific pathogenic process may result in different outcomes depending upon ...

Carbamazepine use is the first choice of antiepileptic drugs among epileptic pregnant females. There are many inconclusive studies regard the safety of carbamazepine use during pregnancy. This study aims to investigate the morphological and histopathological teratogenic effects of carbamazepine use during pregnancy. The healthy pregnant females mice divided into equal five groups (each n=20). T...

The teratogenic potential of Liv.52, a commonly used liver protective and rejuvenating agent of herbal “Ayurvedic” origin, was studied. The crude powder suspended in normal saline was administered orally to female pregnant rats in a dose of 100 mg/100 g of body weight during the entire period of gestation. This dose of Liv.52 had no adverse effect on body weight, growth and size of the offsprin...