As a key virulence strategy to cause bacterial leaf blight, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) injects into the plant cell DNA-binding proteins called transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) that bind to effector-binding elements (EBEs) in a sequence-specific manner, resulting in host gene induction. TALEs AvrXa7, PthXo3, TalC and Tal5, found in geographically distant Xoo strains, all t...

Despite tremendous body form diversity in nature, bilaterian animals share common sets of developmental genes that display conserved expression patterns in the embryo. Among them are the Hox genes, which define different identities along the anterior-posterior axis. Hox proteins exert their function by interaction with TALE transcription factors. Hox and TALE members are also present in some bu...

he history of Geoffrey Chaucer’s “Man of Law’s Tale” is complicated, as is the narrative itself. Part love story, part saint’s life, Chaucer’s tale of the extremely pious, self-effacing Custance exhibits a pathos that is little appreciated by modern readers. While literary audiences in the medieval period were “unusually receptive” to deeply emotional tales (Frank 179), since the late nineteent...

Xanthomonas phytopathogenic bacteria produce unique transcription activator-like effector (TALE) proteins that recognize and activate specific plant promoters through a set of tandem repeats. A unique TALE-DNA-binding code uses two polymorphic amino acids in each repeat to mediate recognition of specific nucleotides. The order of repeats determines effector's specificity toward the cognate nucl...

The work presented in this paper is an endeavor to create a prototype of a computer game with spoken dialogue capabilities. Advanced spoken dialogue has the potential to considerably enrich computer games, where it for example would allow players to refer to past events and to objects currently not visible on the screen. It would also allaow users to interact socially and to negotiate solutions...

the study of source of mathnavi goes back to the age of composing “maakhez e qesasvatamsilatemathnavi”. undoubtedly, the present study will remove most of ambiguities in the field. however, the results of the studies have been unremarkable so farindicating we cannot think just about one source. mathnavi is originated of moulana’s interactions with lots of sources and religious, historical, inte...

The organization of living cells is based on networks of interacting molecules. Systematic analysis of protein interactions of 3-aa loop extension (TALE) homeodomain proteins, fundamental regulators of plant meristem function and leaf development, revealed a highly connected, complex network. The network includes nine members of Arabidopsis thaliana ovate family proteins (AtOFPs), a plant-speci...

An index for an r.e. class of languages (by definition) is a procedure which generates a sequence of grammars defining the class. An index for an indexed family of languages (by definition) is a procedure which generates a sequence of decision procedures defining the family. Studied is the metaproblem of synthesizing from indices for r.e. classes and for indexed families of languages various ki...

Precise genome editing in complex genomes is enabled by engineered nucleases that can be programmed to cleave in a site-specific manner. Here, we fused the small, sequence-tolerant monomeric nuclease domain from the homing endonuclease I-TevI to transcription-like activator effectors (TALEs) to create monomeric Tev-TALE nucleases (Tev-mTALENs). Using the PthXo1 TALE scaffold to optimize the Tev...

The Medical School at Bristol University is noted for offering, and in some instances requiring, its students to work creatively with medical themes. Students, artists, educationalists and a web designer have worked to create an on-line exhibition of the resulting creative output. This can be viewed at www.outofourheads.net. This site is a themed repository of poetry, prose, drawings, paintings...