The paper covers the problem of bridging the gap between abstract and textual concrete syntax of software languages in the model-driven engineering (MDE) context. This problem is wellstudied in the context of programming languages, but due to the obvious difference in the definitions of abstract syntax, MDE requires a new set of engineering principles. We first explore different approaches to d...

This paper explains the principles of dependency analysis by reduction and its correspondence to the notions of dependency and dependency tree. The explanation is illustrated by examples from Czech, a language with a relatively high degree of word-order freedom. The paper sums up the basic features of methods of dependency syntax. The method serves as a basis for the verification (and explanati...

This article presents an XML-based interchange format for EventDriven Process Chains (EPC) that is called EPC Markup Language (EPML). EPML builds on EPC syntax related work and is tailored to be a serialization format for EPC modelling tools. Design principles inspired by other standardization efforts and XML design guidelines have governed the specification of EPML. After giving an overview of...

We present a new 3D scene description language, Object-Oriented VRML, to show how VRML can be extended to incorporate object-oriented design principles. Object-Oriented VRML supports the creation of objects in an object-oriented style. It is based on a safe object type system in which runtime type errors are not generated. It facilitates the efficient implementation of virtual environment syste...

The Petri Net Markup Language (PNML) is an XML-based interchange format for Petri nets. PNML supports any version of Petri net since new Petri net types can be defined by so-called Petri Net Type Definitions (PNTD). In this paper, we present the syntax and the semantics of PNML as well as the principles underlying its design. Moreover, we present an extension called modular PNML, which is a typ...

In this paper, I will review the two basic Economy mechanisms with which a Minimalist syntax accounts for the linguistic change that is most often referred to as grammaticalization. I will also add a third mechanism. These Minimalist Economy Principles lead to cycles of change, and I identify several such cycles here. Examples of three cycles will be drawn from languages such as Norwegian, Swed...

The natural language version of the Soar cognitive modeling system (Newell, 1990) has enabled a number of language modeling applications from on-line parsing behavior (Lewis, 1993) to simultaneous interpretation (Lonsdale, 1997, 1998) to robotic control (Benjamin, Lonsdale, & Lyons, 2004). The system supports an integrated approach to incremental comprehension and generation. Learning mechanism...

We introduce ArgQL, a declarative query language, which performs on a data model designed according to the principles of argumentation. Its syntax is based on Cypher (language for graph databases) and SPARQL 1.1 and is adjusted for querying dialogues, composed by sets of arguments and their interrelations. We use formal semantics to show how queries in ArgQL match against data in the argumentat...

This paper discusses the principles of a modelling technique called IDEF9000. IDEF9000 takes a systems view of a Fulfil Order Process and allows the modelling of activities, functional relationships and data. Developed from the original IDEF0 modelling technique, IDEF9000 uses an extended syntax and semantics to identify the links to the ISO 9001 quality standard and visually highlights them fo...

Status of this Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document lists the design principles, scope, and requirements for the Electronic Commerce Modeling Language (ECML) version 2 specification. It includes requirements as they relate to Extensible Markup Language ...