The electromagnetic two-body interaction energy is modified in the thermal environment of the solar core. The modifications are shown to imply a gross violation of standard solar physics unless the dispersion relation ωt(k) for the transverse modes of the photon is altered to include a transverse mass. A nonzero transverse mass m2t ≃ e ne/me is, of course, theoretically predicted to exist; the ...

Modeling the demand for cash and deposits is a primary concern for central banks. Within a wide range of academic contributions, payment choice models based on transaction sizes (TS models) have been promoted. However, TS models induce strong predictions about the use of payment instruments. In particular, all equal-sized transactions are supposed to be paid with the same payment instrument. We...

3 Channel Protocol 5 3.1 Protocol Organization . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2 Packet Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3 Channel Identification . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.4 Sequencing Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.4.1 Sequencing Barriers . . . . . . . 6 3.4.2 Extrapolating Sequence Numbers 6 3.5 Encoding Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.6 Integrity Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

The MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS) has been widely accepted not only for providing digital TV services, but also as a subnetwork technology for building IP networks. This document describes a Unidirectional Lightweight Encapsulation (ULE) mechanism for the transport of IPv4 and IPv6 Datagrams and other network protocol packets directly over the ISO MPEG-2 Transport Stream as TS Private Data. ULE ...

A flight of marine terraces along the central California coastline provides a unique setting for the study of topographic evolution. Wavecut platforms manfled by 2-6 m of marine terrace cover deposits are separated by10-50 m tall decaying sea cliffs. Palcocliff edges become more rounded with age, yet the details of the profries and frequent bedrock exposure on the upper slopes imply weatheringl...

The MPEG-2 standard defined by ISO 13818-1 supports a range of transmission methods for a variety of services. This document provides a threat analysis and derives the security requirements when using the Transport Stream, TS, to support an Internet network-layer using Unidirectional Lightweight Encapsulation (ULE) defined in RFC 4326. The document also provides the motivation for link-layer se...

The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a new general purpose transport protocol defined by the IETF. Originally intended for the transport of voice signaling data (SS7) over IP networks, SCTP together with newly defined extensions is increasingly considered for other application scenarios as well. These require strong security solutions to authenticate the communication partners and...

Escherichia coli is the leading indicator of microbial contamination of natural waters, and so its in-stream fate and transport needs to be understood to eventually minimize surface water contamination by microorganisms. To better understand mechanisms of E. coli release and transport from soil sediment in a creek the artificial high-water flow events were created by releasing 60-80 m(3) of cit...

Researchers and practitioners alike often need to understand and characterize how water and solutes move through a stream in terms of the relative importance of in-stream and near-stream storage and transport processes. In-channel and subsurface storage processes are highly variable in space and time and difficult to measure. Storage estimates are commonly obtained using transient-storage model...