The microbeam system at the Radiological Research Accelerator Facility (RARAF) currently has a beam spot size of 0.8 microns in diameter. While this spot size is small enough to hit a targeted spot in the nucleus of a cell with a high degree of certainty, researchers at RARAF hope to accurately target even smaller components of cells in the future. This paper discusses a technique used to measu...

Resistance spot welding is used to join two or more metal sheets together, and the technique is used widely in the automotive industry, for example. Furthermore, other metal-to-metal connections, such as wire-to-wire joints in the electronics industry, are accomplished by resistance spot welding. Application-specific measures, such as the diameter of the welding spot, define the quality of the ...

This study attempts to observe and record early embryonic developments of the orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea. The period taken by the eggs to hatch was 8 days and the colour of the eggs gradually changed from yellow to brown, gray and dark gray. During the embryonic development, the developing embryos reached the blastula stage within 24 hours with a mean egg diameter of 329.91 µm ± 6.62. The...

This study attempts to observe and record early embryonic developments of the orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea. The period taken by the eggs to hatch was 8 days and the colour of the eggs gradually changed from yellow to brown, gray and dark gray. During the embryonic development, the developing embryos reached the blastula stage within 24 hours with a mean egg diameter of 329.91 µm ± 6.62. The...

Spherically symmetric direct-drive-ignition designs driven by laser beams with a focal-spot size nearly equal to the target diameter suffer from energy losses due to crossed-beam energy transfer (CBET). Significant reduction of CBET and improvements in implosion hydrodynamic efficiency can be achieved by reducing the beam diameter. Narrow beams increase low-mode perturbations of the targets bec...

PURPOSE To isolate focal rod electroretinograms (ERGs) from the dark-adapted human eye. METHODS In two normal volunteers, dark-adapted focal rod ERGs were recorded from the peripheral retina in response to 30 degree diameter blue flashes of varying retinal illuminance and from different retinal regions in response to 10 degree diameter bright blue flashes. Dark-adapted focal rod ERGs also wer...

An X-ray micro-tomography system has been designed that is optimised for low dose imaging of radiation sensitive polymer gels. The scanner is based on a third-generation cone-beam X-ray CT scanner. A mini-focus X-ray source (Oxford XTF5011 or an Oxford series 1500) is used in conjunction with a 100mm diameter X-ray image intensifier (Hamamatsu C7336). The sample may be rotated and moved perpend...

Proof-of-concept experimental results stemming from beam simulations for a microfocus electron gun are presented. The simulations demonstrate the potential to produce 4 mA of current through a 40m-diameter spot, at an energy of 30 keV, emitted from a 1-mm-diameter cathode with low energy spread and high brightness. The experimental realization, scaled down for practicality, but consistent with ...