The objective of this work is to develop a sustainable process for simultaneous removal of waste gases such as NO, NO2, and SO2 by an electrochemically generated Ag(I)/Ag(II) redox mediator system. High removal efficiency was achieved for NO and SO2 by the wet scrubbing method at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. This removal is achieved through oxidation and absorption by contacting t...

Residual renal function not only provides small-solute clearance, but also plays an important role in maintaining fluid balance, phosphorus control, and removal of middle-molecular uremic toxins and shows strong inverse relationships with valvular calcification and cardiac hypertrophy in dialysis patients. The original CANUSA study, in which total (peritoneal and renal) small-solute clearance s...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the contribution of residual function to the removal of solutes for which protein binding limits clearance by hemdialysis. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Solute concentrations were measured in 25 hemodialysis patients with residual urea clearances ranging from 0.1 to 6.2 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Mathematical modeling assessed the effect...

BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that increased peritoneal membrane permeability is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients. It is not known, however, whether the difference in clinical outcome among different peritoneal transport groups is due to differences in peritoneal fluid and solute removal. In the present study, we compared the peritoneal fluid an...

Dialysis adequacy indices that may be used to evaluate the efficiency of small-solute removal include Kt/V, fractional solute removal (FSR), and equivalent urea clearance (EKR). To analyze possible relationships between those indices, we used the two-compartment variable-volume urea kinetic model to simulate several dialysis modalities: hemodialysis (HD) performed three times or six times weekl...

Neurons and glia experience rapid fluctuations in transmembrane solute and water fluxes during normal brain activity. Cell volume must be regulated under these conditions to maintain optimal neural function. Almost nothing is known, however, about how brain cells respond to volume challenges induced by changes in transmembrane solute flux. As such, we characterized the volume-regulatory mechani...

Sorption reactions, involving both inorganic and organic particulates, are an important control on the transport and fate of many trace elements in natural systems. Understanding the controls on trace-element concentrations in waters is critical for a number of applications including the transport of contaminants and nutrients, geochemical prospecting, agriculture, municipal and industrial wate...

The mechanism of solute accumulation in the renal inner medulla remains an unresolved issue. Experiments were carried out in hamsters to address the possibility that the peristaltic contractions of the renal pelvic wall surrounding the inner medulla play a role in the inner medullary concentrating process. The right renal pelvis was subjected to one of four manipulations (surgical removal of th...