A 61-year-old man was referred to the hospital for treatment of a laterally spreading tumor (LST) 4 cm in diameter, which was located in the sigmoid colon 24 cm from the anal verge (Fig. 1). It was decided to treat the tumor using ESD without preprocedural histologic diagnosis because the tumor was granular-type suspicious of adenoma or adenocarcinoma confined to the mucosa. ESD was performed u...

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biliary drainage via either gastrohepatostomy or choledochoduodenostomy are accepted and widespread procedures when endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) fails. EUS guidewire insertion through a 19-G needle into a dilated biliary system is usually a straightforward maneuver. The drainage difficulty begins when the enterobiliary tract has to be ...

We reported a young male with knife assault to his chest. He was transferred to the hospital without manipulating the knife. He was completely conscious and had sinus tachycardia and regular breathing. Emergency thoracotomy was performed and the knife was removed. No organ was damaged. This case presentation showed that in this kind of trauma, it is mandatory not to manipulate the penetrating f...

Stereotactic radiosurgery of small arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and certain benign and malignant brain tumors using a gamma knife with 201 sources of cobalt-60 has been used to treat 300 patients at our institution since August 1987. This gamma knife-like earlier units developed in Stockholm, Buenos Aires, and Sheffield, England-was designed for closed-skull destruction of selected AVMs a...

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a quantitative optical method used in experimental fluid dynamics that captures entire 2D/3D velocity field by measuring the displacements of numerous small particles that follow the motion of the Abstract A detailed statistical assessment of seedless velocity measurement using Schlieren Image Velocimetry (SIV) was explored using open source Robust Phase Corr...

A 34-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of the development of dysphagia and weight loss. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed a submucosal tumor in the middle of the esophagus (▶Fig. 1 a) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) revealed a bilobed cystic lesion within the submucosal layer. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed a well-defined, bilobed, cystic mass in the m...

Stereotactic Gamma Knife radiosurgery has been widely used for treating trigeminal neuralgia (TN). A single large fractional dose of 7000 to 9000 cGy is commonly prescribed as the maximum dose for these treatments. For this reason, if a small percentage of the prescribed dose such as 2-3% scattered to the eye, it could reach or even exceed the tolerance dose of the lens. For several TN cases, w...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To determine whether 6.45-microm free electron laser (FEL) energy can successfully perform optic nerve sheath fenestration and to compare the acute and chronic cellular responses with this surgery. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Optic nerve sheath fenestration was performed in rabbits by using either FEL energy (< 2.5 mJ, 10 Hz, 325-microm spot size) or a knife. T...