Background: To determine the basic physical and dosimetric properties of a new synthetic single-crystal diamond detector and its application for relative small field dosimetry. Materials and Methods: The pre-irradiation dose required to stabilize detector response, dose rate dependence, photon and electron energy dependence, temperature dependence and angular dependence of MicroDiamond detector...

AIM Giant arteriovenous malformations (i.e., those greater than 6 cm maximum diameter or volume > 33 cc) are difficult to treat and often carry higher treatment morbidity and mortality rates. In our study, we reviewed the angiographic results and clinical outcomes for 11 patients with giant arteriovenous malformations who were treated between 1994 and 2012. MATERIAL AND METHODS The patients s...

PURPOSE To report a case of diffuse peripapillary choroidal melanoma which began as a small choroidal nevus and was successfully treated with gamma knife radiotherapy. METHODS Observational case report. RESULTS A 31-year-old visually asymptomatic man presented for a routine eye examination and was noted to have a small choroidal nevus. Six years later, the lesion had become a diffuse juxtap...

submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive treatment and enables en bloc resection of large le-sions. However, ESD is a technically demanding and time-consuming procedure. 1 Here, we report a " two-sword fencing " technique with an injection needle and an ESD knife. A 74-year-old man presented with a laterally spreading tumor (LST), 7 cm in diameter, on the right wall of the rectum, an...

Introduction: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is one of the conformal radiotherapy methods and Gamma Knife is a non-invasive SRS technique to treat intracranial lesions with 201 Co- 60 sources without need to surgery and bleeding. Beam penumbra phenomenon leads to irradiation outside the field and normal tissues. Therefore, considering it is momentous to attain the acceptable t...

Background: Sachse cold knife is conventionally used for optical internal urethrotomy to manage urethral strictures. In this procedure, the complications and recurrence rates are relatively high. We suggest combined electro cutter and cold knife as a success alternative in the management of intractable anterior urethral strictures. Methods: In this prospective...

gamma knife is a new noninvasive method for treatment of patient with brain tumors. ‎another name of this procedure is steriotatic radiosurgery.‎‏ ‏this computerized advanced ‎technique was implicated by a team including neurosurgeon, neuroradialogist, oncologist, and ‎a nurse. this method is used for treatment of certain brain tumors and lesions. the benefits are ‎low risk of postoperative com...

canthus. I suggested a small operation to which he readily agreed. After applying some local anaesthetics, I passed the point of a Graefe's knife; some gelatinous fluid came out and, to my surprise, I noticed on the point of the knife as if some white thread-like things were moving, with a fine hook I managed to take out the things which were practically the

the people and nation of central asia: turkmans live in the north of afghanistan and the east of the caspian sea and at some parts of turkmenistan and uzbekistan.iranian turk-mans live in the north east of iran in turkman sahra.they have a special, rich and indige-nous culture. there are many fables and beliefs on the making of turkman carpets. here we recall the tale of “agh-morad”3 . mos...

A 46-year-old woman was brought to the emergency department after having been found stabbed at home. A 25 cm long knife was stuck on the anterior left chest, over the cardiac area approximately between the sternum and the midclavicular line on the fifth intercostal space. Two further deep wounds were on the left chest 3–4 cm above the knife along the midclavicular line and on the left hypocondr...