BACKGROUND The relationship between dry skin and uraemic pruritus remains controversial. In addition, there is a lack of published data describing the structure and function of the stratum corneum (SC) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The purpose of the present study was to assess the function and structure of the skin barrier in patients with ESRD and to correlate any abnormalities with urae...

potent, long-lasting b2-adreoceptor agonist effects. Clinical studies have revealed that it induces bronchodilation for at least 12 h after a single oral administration. However, in order to maintain effective plasma concentrations and suppress asthmatic fits, there is considerable interest in development of transdermal drug delivery systems. Transdermal drug delivery is well recognized as an a...

Mathematical models of skin permeability play an important role in various fields including prediction of transdermal drug delivery and assessment of dermal exposure to industrial chemicals. Extensive research has been performed over the last several decades to yield predictions of skin permeability to various molecules. These efforts include the development of empirical approaches such as quan...

Transglutaminase 1 (TGase 1) is one of the genes implicated in autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. Skin from TGase 1(-/-) mice, which die as neonates, lacks the normal insoluble cornified envelope and has impaired barrier function. Characterization of in situ dye permeability and transepidermal water loss revealed defects in the development of the skin permeability barrier in TGase 1(-/-...

Improving drug permeability in skin is considered as one of the most important issues for designing new methods of transdermal drug delivery. Consequently, many techniques have been proposed to more effectively deliver drugs across the stratum corneum, including chemical enhancers or physical enhancer techniques, e.g., iontophoresis and ultrasound. Standard hypodermic injection is an effective ...

The comparative in vitro skin permeability of diclofenac sodium through excised mouse skin from different common pharmaceutical vehicles like castor oil, olive oil, arachis oil, liquid paraffin, white soft paraffin melt, 3% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) aqueous gel and isopropyl myristate (IPM), excluding other excipients was evaluated. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher flux of diclofenac ...

The stratum corneum (SC) provides a permeability barrier that limits the inflow and outflow of water. The permeability barrier is continuously and dynamically formed, maintained, and degraded along the depth, from the bottom to the top, of the SC. Naturally, its functioning and structure also change dynamically in a depth-dependent manner. While transepidermal water loss is typically used to as...

A skin permeability barrier is essential for terrestrial animals, and its impairment causes several cutaneous disorders such as ichthyosis and atopic dermatitis. Although acylceramide is an important lipid for the skin permeability barrier, details of its production have yet to be determined, leaving the molecular mechanism of skin permeability barrier formation unclear. Here we identified the ...

There is considerable interest in the skin as a site of anti-cancer drug application. Nevertheless, the skin poses a formidable barrier to drug penetration, thereby limiting topical and transdermal bioavailability. However, we previously showed that a thioglycolate-based depilatory agent increases the drug permeability of mouse skin. In the present report, we investigated the skin permeability ...

The absorption of undiluted phthalate diesters [dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethylphthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)] has been measured in vitro through human and rat epidermal membranes. Epidermal membranes were set up in glass diffusion cells and their permeability to tritiated water measured to establish the integrity of the skin before the phthalat...