low glucose condition induces neuronal cell-death via intracellular mechanisms including mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk) signaling pathways. it has been shown that low glucose medium decreases neuronal survival in cerebellar granule neurons (cgns). in this study, we have examined the activation of jnk, p38kinase and erk1/2 pathways in low glucose medium in cgns. the cgns were prepared ...

TNFa has been shown to be an important mediator of insulin resistance linked to obesity. This cytokine induces insulin resistance, at least in part, through inhibition of the tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor. Recently, a new class of compounds, the antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs), has been shown to improve insulin resistance in obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes m...

Dysregulation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is implicated in development many cancers including BCC. PTCH1 and SMO are critical players Hh GLI1 transcriptional activator through which mediated. Mutation or have been shown to constitutively activate pathway. Active canonical Wnt has also be required for pathway–driven We previously identified a novel mechanism by regulates outcome signa...

nucleostemin (ns), a stem cell-abundant nucleolar protein, is critical for maintaining the self-renewal and proliferative properties of normal and cancerous stem cells. recent data suggests that ns signaling is important for proliferation of t-cells and leukemia cells. this study was conducted to verify the role of ns in pathogenesis and treatment of t-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (t-all). o...

caspase-3, one of the dominant effectors caspases, is activated in almost every model of apoptosis with various signaling pathways. hence, inhibition of caspase-3 has become an attractive target in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. caspase-3 inhibitory activities of some 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one derivatives were modeled by quantitative structure–activity relationship (qsar) using ste...

results the tlr3 protein in the ach group tended toward reduction although the p value of the comparison between the ach group and hd group was not statistically significant. the tlr3 levels in the hcc, ac, and cir groups were higher than those in the hd and ach groups. tlr3 was not interrelated with all costimulation proteins in the dcs and t cells in all five groups. no group presented any in...

Although exercise-induced humoral factors known as exerkines benefit systemic health, the role of most has not been investigated. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a representative chemokine whose circulating concentrations increase after exercise, and it one exerkines. MCP-1 ligand for CC receptor 2 (CCR2), which expressed on monocytes, macrophages, muscle cells. However, there no ...

introduction: carbon nanotubes (cnts) have shown enormous potential in neuroscience. nerve growth factor (ngf)-cnts complex promotes the neuronal growth, however, the underlying mechanism(s) have remained elusive. based on the interplay between ngf and the endocannabinoid system, involvement of the neuroprotective endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-ag), was investigated in the mechanis...

background and objectives: silymarin is a unique flavonoid complex with documented hepatoprotective properties. silybum  marianum hairy root culture as a source for producing silymarin has been an important strategy for study the cell signaling pathway. in the present investigation trichoderma strains- silybum marianum hairy root cultures interactions have been studied. methods: the effects of ...

Curcumin is active component of turmeric and isolated from the rhizome of turmeric, a phenolic natural product. One of inflammatory disease is multiple sclerosis, a multifocal chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the CNS, which is also known as a perivascular demyelinating disease. Studies have been shown that neuro-inflammation can have both harmful and beneficial effects on the neuronal...