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As NASA is looking to explore further into deep space, multifunctional materials are a necessity for decreasing complexity and mass. One area where multifunctional materials could be extremely beneficial is in the micrometeoroid orbital debris (MMOD) shield. A typical MMOD shield on the International Space Station (ISS) is a stuffed whipple shield consisting of multiple layers. One of those lay...

K. T. Faber Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston, IL 60208 There is experimental evidence that stress-induced microcracking near a macrocrack tip enhances thefraclUre toughness of brittle materials. In considering the interaction of the macrocrack with multiple microcracks using a discrete model, it is essential to use approximation methods in order ...