innovation &IN THE NANOSCALE regime, speed and density of semiconductor technology continue to increase. However, skyrocketing design costs for developing gigascale system chips have effectively slowed the creation of new design projects. Such a trend could stifle further innovation and advancement in the semiconductor industry. A recent joint report from the Semiconductor Research Corporation ...

This work presents a dual-junction, single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) with electrical μ-lens designed and simulated in 90 nm standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The evaluated structure can collect the photons impinging beneath the pixel guard ring, as well as the pixel active area. The fill factor of the SPAD increases from 12.5% to 42% in comparison with simi...

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are an emerging technology and a possible alternative for faster speed, smaller size, and low power consumption than semiconductor transistor based technologies. Previously, adder designs based on conventional designs were examined for implementation with QCA technology. This paper utilizes the QCA characteristics to design a fault-tolerant adder that is more...

The development and optimization of Silicon technology has been guided by CMOS scaling theory [1] and predications made by Semiconductor Industry (SIA) in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductor (ITRS). With the trend of scaling down of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) transistor as Moore’s Law [2] requires replacement of conventional silicon dioxide layer with the ...