the present paper describes the designing of a thermally and economically optimum mechanical draft counter-flow wet cooling tower. the design model allows the use of a variety of packing materials in the cooling tower toward optimizing heat transfer. once the optimum packing type is chosen, a compact cooling tower with low fan power consumption is modelled within the known design variables. mor...

BACKGROUND Despite evidence to support the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in defined groups of newborn infants, rates of impairment among survivors remain high. Therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to provide neuroprotection in mature infants exposed to perinatal asphyxia. We hypothesized that therapeutic hypothermia during ECMO would reduce the proportion of infants with b...

To achieve higher efficiency target of the advanced turbine systems, the closed-loop steam cooling scheme is employed to cool the airfoil. It is proven from the experimental results at laboratory working conditions that injecting mist into steam can significantly augment the heat transfer in the turbine blades with several fundamental studies. The mist cooling technique has to be tested at gas ...

BACKGROUND Clinicians often apply heating or cooling stimulation for treatment of musculoskeletal pain. However, scalding, frostbite and skin ulcers may occur from the excessive use of either therapy alone. Heating and cooling combination therapy may be a suitable alternative for treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, although insufficient research has documented the safety and efficacy of such...

BACKGROUND Hypothermia has been shown to be neuroprotective in animal models of hypoxia-ischaemia. It is currently being evaluated as a potentially therapeutic option in the management of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. However, significant hypothermia has adverse systemic effects. It has also recently been found that the stress of being cold can abolish the neuroprotective effects o...

temperature restrictions on aqueous effluents dictate that streams with a temperature higher than the permitted level needed to pass through cooling systems to reduce the effluent temperature before discharge. in this study, by considering the grouping design rules based on pinch technology, an optimum design for a distributed effluent cooling system, has been developed. a counter-flow wet cool...

Different cooling paths from a supersolvus temperature have been applied to FGH96, a polycrystalline nickel base superalloy for turbine disc applications, in order to simulate the different microstructures that exist through the thickness of a disc following an industrial heat treatment. Secondary and tertiary γ’ precipitate size distributions and morphology have been analysed and compared for ...

The effects of temperature, pH and long-term storage on the secondary structure and conformation changes of bovine haemoglobin (bHb) were studied using circular dichroism (CD) and ultraviolet--visible (UV-vis) spectroscopies. Neural network software was used to deconvolute the CD data to obtain the fractional content of the five secondary structures. The storage stability of bHb solutions in pH...

We present observations of the cluster of galaxies associated with the X-ray source RX J0820.9+0752 and its dramatic central cluster galaxy in the optical and X-ray wavebands. Unlike other cooling flow central cluster galaxies studied in detail, this system does not contain a powerful radio source at its core, and so provides us with an important example where we expect to see only the processe...