A novel general approach was described to address many of the challenges of salt solubility determination of drug substances, with data processing and refinement of equilibrium constants encoded in the computer program pDISOLX TM . The new approach was illustrated by the determinations of the solubility products of diprenorphine hydrochloride, codeine hydrochloride and phosphate, lidocaine hydr...

Silicones are an important class of hydrophobic compounds in widespread use. To evaluate their fate in the environment, an accurate value of the air-water partition (Henry's law) constant is necessary, which, unfortunately, is lacking at present. A static head space and a newly developed dynamic vapor entry loop method were used to obtain the air-water partition constant for six volatile methyl...

Gas hydrate can precipitate in pore space of marine sediment when gas concentrations exceed solubility conditions within a gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). Here we present analytical expressions that relate the top of the GHSZ and the amount of gas hydrate within the GHSZ to the depth of the sulfate-methane transition (SMT). The expressions are strictly valid for steady-state systems in which...

The exceptionally high protein concentration in living cells can favor functional protein-protein interactions that can be difficult to detect with purified proteins. In this study we describe specific interactions between mammalian D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes from heart and muscle. We use poly(ethylene-glycol) (PEG)-induced copr...

The increasing frequency of poorly water soluble new chemical entities exhibiting therapeutic activity is of major concern to the pharmaceutical industry. Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic used orally in treatment of Schizophrenia. Also, it has poor aqueous solubility (BCS Class II drug) whose oral bioavailability has been reported as only 40%. In this study olanzapine nanosuspension was ...

A combination of atomic force microscopy, scanning election microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction were used to study reactions of 0.5–500 mg/L aqueous Pb with Ca5(PO4)3OH, hydroxylapatite (HAP), at pH 6 and 22 8C. Following 2 h reaction time, concentrations of Pbaq ([Pbaq]) decreased from 500 mg/L to ,100 mg/L, ...

The solubility of quartz in H2O-NaCl solutions was measured at 2, 4.35, 10 and 15 kbar and 500–900°C, and at NaCl concentrations up to halite saturation, usually greater than 75 wt.%. Quartz solubility was also measured in CO2-H2O solutions at 10 kbar and 800°C. Solubilities were determined by weight loss of ground and polished quartz crystal fragments which were equilibrated with solutions in ...

Recent interest in therapies for sickle cell anemia based on elevating fetal Hb has made accurate estimates of the sparing effect of fetal Hb (Hb F) and other non-sickle Hbs on sickle Hb (Hb S) polymerization essential. We have developed a technique, using HbCO as surrogate for HbO2, that enables us to assess the solubility of Hb S as a function of ligand saturation under conditions that mimic ...

Introduction: Recent significant progress in hyperpolarized (HP) noble gas MRI has made it possible to exploit a novel method of evaluating lung function or structure and to have a deep understanding of lung physiological changes. Xe has inherent features of high solubility in lung tissues and large chemical shift distribution. It has been shown that measurement of recovery process of dissolved...

The effects of sevoflurane or isoflurane on arterial blood gas, arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation and end-tidal CO2 tension were monitored during induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in 10 premedicated New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits.For induction, the anaesthetic agents were delivered via a face-mask. After induction was completed, an endotracheal tube was introduced for maintenance of an...