Many research efforts have been devoted to find ways how to produce silages with maximum nutritive value, good fermentation and low mould and yeast counts. While there are different objectives in using silage additives, the main objectives are to improve fermentation and reduce dry matter loss, and to prevent secondary fermentation at feed out time. This paper presents our most significant and ...

Understanding mechanisms in control of feed intake and regulation of energy balance in the ruminant is of great importance if improvement in efficiency of production is to be continued. Although there is evidence in both ruminants and monogastrics that body energy content is regulated, under certain circumstances the system can be overridden with the result being either excessive weight gain or...

Feed technology has advanced in the past two decades. However, NRC (1994) vitamin requirements for the non-ruminant species have not changed to any great extent due to limited research in this area. Conditioning temperatures have increased to reduce microbial contamination and improve pellet quality and/or production rate. From a practical standpoint, vitamin activity may be decreased in finish...

Scrapie is a small ruminant, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). Although in the past scrapie has not been considered a zoonosis, the emergence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, transmissible to humans and experimentally to sheep, indicates that risk exists for small ruminant TSEs in humans. To identify the risk factors for introducing scrapie into sheep flocks, a case-control stu...

Protein available to ruminants is supplied by both microbial and dietary sources. Metabolizable protein (MP) is the true protein which is absorbed by the intestine and supplied by both microbial protein and protein which escapes degradation in the rumen; the protein which is available to the animal for maintenance, growth, fetal growth during gestation, and milk production. Thus, the concept of...

Growing pearl millet and cowpea in combination with raising ruminant livestock is widely practised in the Sahel. In this farming system, livestock feeding depends mostly on rangeland, fallows and cropland grazing. Nutritional constraints to grazing ruminants stem primarily from feed scarcity and seasonal fluctuations in feed supply associated with low rainfall and poor soil fertility. Low feed ...

synchronization of rumen available protein and energy is one of the conceptual methods to increase the efficiency of utilization of nutrients by the ruminants the concept of synchronization energy and protein was first by jhonson, implying that maximum microbial protein synthesis could be achieved by matching the rate of organic matter and protein degradation. synchronization of rumen available...