Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Possible mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Clinical consequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Rules of referred pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Dermatomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Discrepancies between dermatomes and myotomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Ref...

The frequency, incidence and severity of low back pain was assessed by a random telephone survey of 314 urban New Zealanders. Relationships between the severity and frequency of low back pain and referred lower extremity pain and other variables such as occupation, recreation, age, sex and predominant working posture was analysed. Point incidence was 17.5%, weekly incidence 33.4%, yearly incide...

introduction: this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of referred pain with pulpal source in the head, face and neck region among patients referred to dental school of shahid beheshti university mc, tehran, iran in 2004. materials and methods: in this cross-sectional study, 100 patients (55 males and 45 females) referred to oral medicine department of shahid beheshti dental school ev...

BACKGROUND Clinical guidelines for the management of back pain frequently recommend 'manual therapy' as a first line intervention, with psychosocial screening and 'active rehabilitation' for those not improving at 6 weeks post onset. The potential for psychosocial factors to predict treatment response and therefore outcome has not been adequately explored. The purpose of this pilot study was to...

Treatment of pain of urogenital origin, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, can be frustrating for patients and physicians. The usual approaches do not always produce the desired results. Visceral pain from pelvic organs and myofascial pain from muscle trigger points share common characteristics. Referred pain from myofascial trigger points can mimic visceral pain syndromes and visceral pain syndrome...

objective: To estimate the minimal detectable change (MDC) and the minimal clinically important changes (MCIC) for pain severity in subacute and chronic neck pain (NP) patients, to assess if MDC and MCIC values are influenced by baseline values and to explore if they are different in the subset of patients reporting referred pain, and in subacute versus chronic patients.