this study has been designed to answer the following fundamental questions: what are the opinions of the students of mazandaran university about the significance of reference groups? what groups constitute the reference groups of the students of mazandaran university? do the students of mazandaran university select those groups of which they are a member or those groups of which they are not a ...

objective: to investigate the application of quality function deployment (qfd) in the central library reference service quality science.methodology / approach: this study was a descriptive survey research and application. research instrument, libqual questionnaire and interview. the three-stage qfd model and the concentration of 7-seater model were used to determine the correlation matrix. the ...

The Easterlin paradox questions the way income can enter a utility function. Individuals are said to be sensitive not to the level of their income, but to their relative income as measured by the ratio between their income and the mean income of their reference group. We propose a reference group based on human capital and relate well-being to income dynamics using panel data with income variat...

to assess the effects of livestock grazing on soil compaction (density changes), the trampling action of livestock was simulated. the research field was located to the south west of nazarabad in savojbolagh district, south west of tehran province. samples were annually collected based on a completely randomized design. from the triple regions (reference, key and critical) 36 cylindrical cores w...

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Reference counting strategy is a natural choice for real-time garbage collection, but the cycle collection phase which is required to ensure the correctness for reference counting algorithms can introduce heavy scanning overheads. This degrades the efficiency and inflates the pause time required for garbage collection. In this paper, we present two schemes to improve the efficiency of reference...

In this paper we present a reference model based on Reference Domain Theory that can work both in interpretation and generation. We introduce a formalization of key concepts of RDT, the interpretation and generation algorithms and show an example of behavior in the dynamic, asymmetric and multimodal GIVE environment.

This article reports the results of a survey of reference librarians in public and academic libraries of various sizes in the United States, asking them about their experiences with and attitudes towards the use of digital and networked technologies and resources in reference work. A total of 648 responded. In general, respondents were positive and optimistic in their outlook, but not unreserve...