pearl millet has tolerance to harsh growing conditions such as drought. it is at least equivalent to maize and generally superior to sorghum in protein content and metabolizable energy levels. thus it is of importance for poultry feeding. amino acid (aa) determination is expensive and time consuming. therefore nutritionists have prompted a search for alternatives to estimate aa levels. traditio...

Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to be a major cause of species extinctions in the next 100 years. But what will actually cause these extinctions? For example, will it be limited physiological tolerance to high temperatures, changing biotic interactions or other factors? Here, we systematically review the proximate causes of climate-change related extinctions and their empirical suppor...

Development and projections of wireless PDAs enable to envisage the design of new application classes that exploit short range and direct communications (e.g. one-hop communications). In a close future we may imagine mobile users dynamically and spontaneously exchanging information as soon as they are close enough. In such a context, a connection between two nodes may be broken at any time beca...

Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus bitorquis are among most favorite mushrooms of the world. Mineral contents, proximate composition and fatty acid profile of these mushrooms were determined for evaluation of their dietary value. Na, K and Li contents were high, while Cr, Cu, Pb, Co, Zn, Mn and Ni concentrations were low in both Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus bitorquis. Proximate analysis showe...

The study evaluated the potentials of Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) flour in production akara (fried cake). samples were produced by soaking seeds water, dehulled, oven dried and ground to divided into 4 units. was passed through sieve different size while control not sieved. Physicochemical sensory analyses conducted for using standard methods results presented as mean ± deviation ANOVA. Signific...

Proximate and ultimate causes in evolutionary biology have come to conflate two distinctions. The first is a distinction between immediate and historical causes. The second is between explanations of mechanism and adaptive function. Mayr emphasized the first distinction but many evolutionary biologists use proximate and ultimate causes to refer to the second. I recommend that ‘ultimate cause’ b...