Background: The length of GT-repeats polymorphic region in the promoter of human Heme oxygenase-1 gene (HO-1) alters the level of its transcriptional activity in response to oxidative stresses. Decreased level of HO-1 protein in the seminal plasma has been reported to be associated with oligospermia and azoospermia in male infertility. This is the first study to investigate the association betw...

The range of electrical properties that a neuron or muscle cell can manifest is determined by which ion channel genes it expresses and in what amounts. The Drosophila slowpoke Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel gene has four distinct promoters. Here we assess the role that a downstream intronic region, called the C2/C3 region, plays in modulating Promoter C1 and Promoter C2 activity. Promoter C1 and P...

background:estrogens play a substantial role in the proliferation, progression and treatment of breast cancer by binding with two estrogen receptors, alpha and beta (erα and erβ). resistance to endocrine therapy is a major problem in the treatment of breast cancers and, in some cases, may be related to loss of er gene expression. we have already showed that erα methylation occurs in high freque...

In this paper we consider the problem of extracting information from the upstream untranslated regions of genes to make predictions about their transcriptional regulation. We present a method for classifying genes based on motif-based hidden Markov models (HMMs) of their promoter regions. Sequence motifs discovered in yeast promoters are used to construct HMMs that include parameters describing...

The cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S RNA promoter has been dissected and examined in a transient expression system using the firefly luciferase gene as a reporter of promoter activity. Deletion analysis has shown that the 35S RNA promoter is composed of at least three regions-distal, medial, and proximal-which are essential for activity. The distal region contains three smaller elements homo...

wheat is a crop with spring and winter types and wide adaptability to different climate conditions. the wide adaptability of wheat is mainly controlled by three groups of genetic factors and among them vernalization (vrn) genes play pivotal role in determining spring and winter types. in this study, 395 iranian wheat landraces were characterized with specific primer pairs designed based on vrn-...

background: il-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine which is involved in tumorigenesis. over production of il-10 and elevated number of il-10 generating mononuclear cells in breast tumor tissue has already been shown. objective: to determine the association of il-10 promoter polymorphisms with increased risk of breast cancer and its association with breast cancer prognostic factors. methods: per...

BACKGROUND Bovine Mx2 gene sequences were already reported, but further information about the gene properties is not yet available. The objective of the current study was to elucidate the structural properties of the bovine Mx2 gene mainly the promoter region and its possible functional role. If available, such information would help in assessing the functional properties of the gene, which was...