Phylogeography relies on examination of geographical distributions of genealogical lineages (Avise, 2000), whereas biogeography relies upon concordant geographical distributions of multiple species (Briggs, 1974; Nelson & Platnick, 1981). However, just as biogeography depends on evidence from multiple species, inference about phylogeographical patterns can be strengthened by examination of mult...

BACKGROUND Techniques for reconstructing geographical history along a phylogeny can answer many questions of interest about the geographical origins of species. Bayesian models based on the assumption that taxa move through a diffusion process have found many applications. However, these methods rely on diffusion processes on a plane, and do not take the spherical nature of our planet in accoun...

The field of phylogeography allows researchers to model the spread and evolution of viral genetic sequences. Phylogeography plays a major role in infectious disease surveillance, viral epidemiology and vaccine design. When conducting viral phylogeographic studies, researchers require the location of the infected host of the virus, which is often present in public databases such as GenBank. Howe...

................................................................................................... 10 Thesis declaration .................................................................................... 11 Acknowledgments ................................................................................... 12 General Introduction ..................................................................

The thesis is based on the following articles and manuscripts, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals: II Kontula T & Väinölä R (2003) Molecular and morphological analysis of secondary contact zones of Cottus gobio in Fennoscandia: geographical discord-ance of character transitions. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, in press. III Kontula T & Väinölä R (2003) Comparat...

E. D. LORENZEN*†, R. HELLER‡ and H. R. SIEGISMUND‡ *Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, 1005 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, †Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark, ‡Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen ...

Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates from Austria, Germany, Hungary, Italy, and Romania were placed into an existing phylogeographic framework. Isolates from Italy were assigned to phylogenetic group B.FTNF002-00; the other isolates, to group B.13. Most F. tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates from Europe belong to these 2 geographically segregated groups.

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Despite a number of recent studies that have focused on the origin of domestic horses, genetic relationships between major geographical clusters still remain poorly understood. In this study we analyzed a 296 bp mtDNA fragment from the HVI region of 171 horses representing 11 native Iberian, Barb, and Exmoor breeds to assess the maternal phylogeography of Iberian horses. The mtDNA haplogroup wi...