Abstract. In 2013, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that Northern Hemisphere temperatures had reached levels unprecedented in at least 1400 years. The 2021 report now sees global mean rising to over 100 000 This Technical Note briefly explains reasons behind this major change. Namely, new assessment reflects additional warming occurred between two reports and improved pal...

Abstract Paleotemperature reconstructions from ice cores are mixed signals of changes in climate and ice‐surface elevation. A common, temperature‐based paleoaltimetry method suggests these can be disentangled by comparing two proxy locations with similar climates. The difference between the records is assumed to due elevation, which estimated scaling temperature a lapse rate. We investigate unc...

Abstract It remains unclear whether waning of the volcanic degassing CO2 source or enhancement mafic (Ca, Mg-silicate) weathering sink, both, caused global cooling leading to Ordovician greenhouse–icehouse transition. We present a uniquely age-constrained and integrated Middle–Late (470–450 Ma) continental isotopic proxy data set (87Sr/86Sr ?Nd(t)) from carbonate rocks Antelope Range central Ne...