The twenty-first century is witnessing Asia’sAsia return to what might be considered its historical proportions of the world’s population and economy. In 1800, AsiaAsia represented more than half global output. By 1900, it only 20% world output—not because something bad happened in AsiaAsia, but rather Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution, had transformed EuropeEurope North AmericaNorth A...

A variant of unmanned ship control system with obstacle avoidance in accordance International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG) is proposed the paper. The consists three subsystems: trajectory subsystem, course and speed subsystem. subsystem generates a that allows you to move along predetermined trajectory. gradient vector auxiliary function algorithm used this. In this alg...

The subject of this paper is a mechanism that allows customers to overtake others. In our system, customers observe the queue length upon arrival, and have the option of overtaking some or all of the customers already present in the queue. Overtaking is associated with a fixed price per overtaken customer. If a customer chooses to overtake some but not all of the present customers, he overtakes...

Automated vehicles (AVs) need to be trusted by cyclists and pedestrians where they will share the road. To test trust, pedestrians, a comparison cohort of drivers, observed trials both road simulator AV undertaking three common priority-based maneuvers: right turn into side road, overtaking parked car, passing over pedestrian priority (zebra) crossing. The made maneuvers either giving way, or n...

Jovanovic and Nyarko (1996) showed that when agents learn-by-doing and are myopic, less advanced agents may adopt new technologies while more advanced ̄rms stick with the old technology since the new technology takes time to learn. In this case, the less advanced agents might eventually overtake (or \leapfrog") the advanced agents. We show that this kind of overtaking can also occur if agents ar...

In Germany, every fourth fatal road traffic accident takes place in situations with oncoming traffic. Two out of three fatal accidents occur on two-lane rural roads. Overtaking maneuvers and loss-of-control situations are responsible for many of these accidents and they usually result in serious injuries or fatalities. This paper analyzes the basic accident mechanisms in oncoming traffic collis...

Drivers overtaking cyclists on rural roads are a safety concern, as drivers need to handle the interaction with cyclist and possibly an oncoming vehicle. Improving maneuver’s outcome requires understanding of not only objective, measurable metrics, but also subjective, perceived each road user. Previous research has shown that is most at risk passing moment, when driver closest other. However, ...

We consider the problem of selecting an optimality criterion, when total costs diverge, in deterministic infinite horizon optimization over discrete time. Our formulation allows for both discrete and continuous state and action spaces, as well as time-varying, that is, nonstationary, data. The task is to choose a criterion that is neither too overselective, so that no policy is optimal, nor too...

Much of the Human Factors research into vehicle automation has focused on driver responses to critical scenarios where a crash might occur. However, there is less knowledge about the effects of vehicle automation on drivers' behaviour during non-critical take-over situations, such as driver-initiated lane-changing or overtaking. The current driving simulator study, conducted as part of the EC-f...

A naturalistic experiment used an instrumented bicycle to gather proximity data from overtaking motorists. The relationship between rider position and overtaking proximity was the opposite to that generally believed, such that the further the rider was from the edge of the road, the closer vehicles passed. Additionally, wearing a bicycle helmet led to traffic getting significantly closer when o...