An increasing number of diagnostic imaging procedures requires the use of intravenous radiographic contrast agents, which has led to a parallel increase in the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy. Risk factors for development of contrast-induced nephropathy include pre-existing renal dysfunction (especially diabetic nephropathy and multiple myeloma-associated nephropathy), dehydration, co...

BACKGROUND Iso-osmolar contrast medium iodixanol has been reported to be less nephrotoxic than selected low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with diabetes mellitus. This study compared the nephrotoxicity of iodixanol and the LOCM ioversol in CKD patients undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS This is a prospective double-blind trial in 337 patients with...

Eggs from (C57B1 x A a G ^ mice were activated by treatment with hyaluronidase, which removed the follicle cells, and cultured in vitro. Observations were made 6-8 h after hyaluronidase treatment to determine the frequency of activation and the types of parthenogenones induced. Cumulus-free eggs resulting from hyaluronidase treatment were incubated for 2\ h in culture media of various osmolarit...

Axoplasmic changes were studied in the saphenous nerve of the albino rat during the early stages of Wallerian degeneration. The axons were examined at 0, 24, and 48 hours after the surgical transection of the nerve. The material was fixed in 2 per cent OsO4 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2-7.5) with sucrose (added to a final osmolar concentration of ~0.37 ~a). The earliest changes were seen in the e...

Hypertension and chronic volume overload are complications often seen in hemodialysis patients. Current hemodialysis practices adopt a standard dialysate sodium prescription that is typically higher than the plasma sodium concentration of most patients. As a general rule, hemodialysis patients have stable predialysis plasma sodium concentrations, and each patient has a fixed "osmolar set point....

OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence and complications of extravasation of low-osmolar nonionic contrast media, injected manually and by the automatic power injector (API). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Three thousand five hundred and sixty patients underwent contrast-enhanced abdominal and thoracic computerized tomography scan in the Department of Clinical Radiology, Al-Amiri Hospital, Kuwait, between ...

Aspiration arthrography using an iodinated contrast medium is a useful tool for the investigation of septic or aseptic loosening of arthroplasties and of septic arthritis. Previously, the contrast media have been thought to cause false negative results in cultures when present in aspirated samples of synovial fluid, probably because free iodine is bactericidal, but reports have been inconclusiv...

PURPOSE To determine if hyperosmolar stress can stimulate human neutrophils to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and to investigate potential strategies to reduce formation of NETs (NETosis) in a hyperosmolar environment. METHODS Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral venous blood of healthy subjects and incubated in iso-osmolar (280 mOsM) or hyperosmolar (420 mOsM) media for 4 ho...