traumatic peripheral nerve injuries are among most important cause of physical disability among young adults. most partial injuries and some complete injuries recover without operative intervention, with early return of function appearing to be the most significant prognostic factor in these cases. return of function over time depends to a great extent on the underlying neuropathologic conditio...

The eye is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress due its constant exposure atmospheric oxygen, sunlight, ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, chemicals, pollutants, microorganisms that may shift the physiological balance towards oxidation. Today, considered a major pathogenetic feature of wide spectrum ocular conditions including diseases lens (cataract), anterior chamber (glaucoma), corne...

purpose : to report two patients with spontaneous scleral perforation and bleb formation associated with marfan syndrome (mfs) which one of them also showed bilateral optic nerve dural ectasia. case reports : an 11-year-old girl was referred with progressive myopia. past medical history was negative. slit-lamp examination revealed bilateral scleral thinning and perforation with bleb formation, ...

PURPOSE Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a serious complication of head trauma with the incidence rate of 0.5%-5%. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic decompression of the optic canal for optic nerve injuries. METHODS In this study, 11 patients treated in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2015 with the visual loss resulting from TON were ...

introduction: elevated intracranial pressure (icp) is a major and potentially lethal disorder in patients admitted to the emergency department (ed). several methods are being used to investigate for elevated icp. here we assessed and compared the diagnostic accuracy of two existing tools of ophthalmoscopy and optic nerve ultrasonography in detection of elevated icp. methods: 131 participants wi...

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a bioactive peptide with diverse effects in the nervous system. In addition to its more classic role as a neuromodulator, PACAP functions as a neurotrophic factor. Several neurotrophic factors have been shown to play an important role in the endogenous response following both cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury and to be eff...

conclusions complete rupture of the facial nerve is challenging and the treatment is surgery, which requires careful planning. introduction facial paralysis is a devastating condition with profound functional, aesthetic and psychosocial consequences. tumors within or outside the skull, bell’s palsy and trauma are the most common causes of facial paralysis in adults. case presentation our patien...

peripheral nerve injuries (pni) can lead to lifetime loss of function and disfigurement. different methods such as conventional allograft procedures and using of biological tubes have problems for damaged peripheral nerves reconstruction. designed scaffolds with natural and synthetic materials are now widely used in the reconstruction of damaged tissues. utilization of absorbable and non-absorb...

A 51-year-old woman had optic disk cupping from optic nerve compression by an intracranial aneurysm. Slit-lamp stereoscopic examination of the living eye immediately post mortem revealed an optic cup vertically oral, elongated superiorly, and indistinguishable from disk changes seen early in glaucoma. The histopathological changes differed from those in glaucoma by showing no glial atrophy. Ins...

While tissue regeneration is typically studied using standard injury models, in nature injuries vary greatly in the amount and location of tissues lost. Planarians have the unique ability to regenerate from many different injuries (including from tiny fragments with no brain), allowing us to study the effects of different injuries on regeneration timelines. We followed the timing of regeneratio...