A 59-year-old woman visited the ophthalmologist for a routine examination. Ever since a severe head injury with frontal lobe damage at age 16 years, she had experienced intermittent diplopia and difficulties finding misplaced objects, but worked as a clerk throughout her life. Ocular motility was full with only slight exotropia, but perimetry revealed complete bitemporal hemianopia (figure 1, A...

Cavernous malformation (CM) is a vascular malformation disorder characterized by a berry-like mass of expanded blood vessels. CM, originating from the optic chiasm. usually leads to chiasma syndrome presenting with bitemporal hemianopsia. We report a 28-year-old male presenting with left homonymous hemianopsia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an occupied lesion located in the right si...

Isolated surgical lesions were made in three Macaca mulatta monkeys. Two had right optic tract section. One control underwent section of the right half of the chiasm. Preoperative evaluation revealed no fundus, pupil, or VER abnormalities. Postoperatively, a classic Marcus Gunn pupil was found contralateral to the isolated optic tract lesions. The control had normal pupils. The nature of the le...

The optic chiasm with its complex fiber micro-structure is a challenge for diffusion tensor models and tractography methods. Likewise, it is an ideal candidate for evaluation of diffusion tensor imaging tractography approaches in resolving inter-regional connectivity because the macroscopic connectivity of the optic chiasm is well known. Here, high-resolution (156 microm in-plane) diffusion ten...

In this work we report findings from an in vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study of the human optic chiasm at sub-millimeter voxel resolution. Data were collected at 3 T using a diffusion-weighted radial-FSE sequence, which provides images free from typical magnetic susceptibility artifacts. The general DTI features observed in the optic chiasm region were consistent across subjects. They i...

I report a 45-year old woman who had a history of neuromyelitis óptica (NMO). She was admitted by bilateral blindness and mydriasis, as well as tetraparesia. The visual evoked potential revealed absence of waves in both eyes. For this reason, she received an omental transplantation on the optic chiasm and left temporal lobe. Three days after surgery, she presented motor improvement in her limbs...

Most fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds have laterally placed eyes and primarily panoramic vision. These vertebrates usually have complete crossing of optic fibres at the chiasm, i.e., optic ganglion fibres originating from each eye terminate in visual centres of the contralateral hemisphere. One of the features of the mammalian visual system is the appearance of an uncrossed optic projection...

BACKGROUND Inhibitory factors have been implicated in the failure of remyelination in demyelinating diseases. Myelin associated inhibitors act through a common receptor called Nogo receptor (NgR) that plays critical inhibitory roles in CNS plasticity. Here we investigated the effects of abrogating NgR inhibition in a non-immune model of focal demyelination in adult mouse optic chiasm. METHODO...

The importance of vision in the behavior of animals, from invertebrates to primates, has led to a good deal of interest in how projection neurons in the retina make specific connections with targets in the brain. Recent research has focused on the cellular interactions occurring between retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons and specific glial and neuronal populations in the embryonic brain during f...