PURPOSE Diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy (PN), which affects approximately 50% of the diabetic population, is subjective, with many patients seeking a diagnosis only after presenting with symptoms. Recently, in vivo confocal microscopy of subepithelial corneal nerve density has been promoted as a surrogate marker for early detection of PN, but imaging of corneal nerves requires sophisticated ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Determining which cranial nerve(s) is (are) involved is a critical step in appropriately evaluating a patient with diplopia. RECENT FINDINGS New studies have looked at the various etiologies of cranial nerve palsies in the modern imaging era. The importance of the C-reactive protein test in evaluating the possibility of giant cell arteritis has recently been emphasized. SU...

PURPOSE The authors examined the circadian change of basal pupil size in light-dark entrained normal rabbits and in entrained rabbits with unilaterally decentralized ocular sympathetic nerves. The pattern of the circadian pupillary rhythm was compared with the circadian patterns of intraocular pressure (IOP) and body temperature in the same rabbits. METHODS Adult male New Zealand albino rabbi...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The cisternal segment of the trochlear nerve is difficult to identify reliably by routine MR imaging. We investigated the visibility and anatomic features of the trochlear nerve by using high-resolution 3D-bTFE imaging in healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted with 32 healthy subjects without ocular movement disorders. For us to visualize the c...

Mutations in RAB18 have been shown to cause the heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder Warburg Micro syndrome (WARBM). Individuals with WARBM present with a range of clinical symptoms, including ocular and neurological abnormalities. However, the underlying cellular and molecular pathogenesis of the disorder remains unclear, largely owing to the lack of any robust animal models that phenoco...

conclusions obtained results demonstrate significant differences between intraneural and perineural injection pressures in the median, ulnar, and radial nerves. intraneural injection pressures show low specificity but high sensitivity suggesting that pressure monitoring might be a valuable tool in improving the safety and efficacy of peripheral nerve blockade in regional anesthesia. peripheral ...

Eye movement disorders may be considered in two categories: those that cause incomplete eye movements (ophthalmoparesis) and those that cause excessive eye movements (saccadic intrusions and nystagmus). Central to an understanding and correct diagnosis of abnormal eye movements is the evaluation of ocular alignment, ocular motility, and each functional class of eye movements: optokinetic, vesti...

Background: Diplopia is a common complaint in both inpatient and outpatient neurologic practice. Its causes are many, and special historical and examination features are important to localization and accurate diagnosis. Review Summary: This review is divided into 2 sections: the first related to diagnosis and the second to treatment of binocular diplopia. In the diagnostic section, emphasis is ...

THE first section of the following paper describes the effects on the intraocular pressure of cutting and stimulating the cervical sympathetic nerves in cats and rabbits. This section is a repetition of previous workers' experiments, except that we have recorded simultaneously on the same film the intra-ocular pressure of both eyes and the blood pressure, thus enabling intra-ocular pressure cha...