BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE During focal cerebral ischemia, the ischemic penumbra or border-zone regions of moderate cortical blood flow reductions have a heterogeneous development of intracellular cortical acidosis. This experiment tested the hypotheses that (1) this acidosis is secondary to glucose utilization and (2) this intracellular acidosis leads to recruitment of potentially salvageable tiss...

Background. Training muscle capacities in hypoxic conditions increases some manifestations, such as hypertrophy and strength, due to a change the phenotype result of activation hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). Despite proven benefits resistance training that allow conjecture regarding effectiveness facilitating muscular different populations, there is still controversy difference between hypoxi...

In this study, we compare and contrast the effects of aestivation in normoxia and aestivation in hypoxia on protein abundances of vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) and Akt1 in Protopterus annectens with tissues sampled on day 3 and day 6 (induction phase), or day 12 (maintenance phase). Overall, results obtained indicate that effects of aestivation in normoxia on VEGF and Akt1 in heart, ...

The availability of dietary beta-alanine (BA) is the limiting factor in carnosine synthesis within human muscle due to its low intramuscular concentration and substrate affinity. Carnosine can accept hydrogen ions (H+), making it an important buffer against exercise-induced acidosis. Metabolite accumulation rate increases when exercising hypoxic conditions, thus increased could attenuate H+ bui...

Cartilage is poorly vascularised with a limited capacity for repair following damage. The poor vascularisation results in cartilage tissue having a low normoxic value. This study examined and compared the effects of physiological cartilage normoxia (2% O2), hypoxia (0.2% O2), and hyperoxia (21% O2) on human articular chondrocytes (hAC) during similar time courses to those prior to transplant in...

The influence of prolonged moderate (c. 60% oxygen saturation) and severe hypoxia (c. 35% oxygen saturation) on the diurnal activity pattern of sandeel Ammodytes tobianus was examined. In moderate hypoxia, the emerging and burying rates were significantly higher compared to that in normoxia, whereas fewer fish (c. 10%) were present in the water column. In contrast, severe hypoxia resulted in tw...

Besides hypoxia, other factors and molecules such as lactate, succinate, and reactive oxygen species activate transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) even in normoxia. One of the main target gene products of HIF-1 is carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX). CA IX is overexpressed in many tumors and serves as prognostic factor for hypoxic, aggressive and malignant cancers. CA IX is also in...

Pacemaker neurons have been described in most neural networks. However, whether such neurons are essential for generating an activity pattern in a given preparation remains mostly unknown. Here, we show that in the mammalian respiratory network two types of pacemaker neurons exist. Differential blockade of these neurons indicates that their relative contribution to respiratory rhythm generation...