UNLABELLED Ischemia of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) and periareolar tissue is commonly seen following tissue-preserving mastectomies for small invasive and noninvasive cancers. The nipple-areola preserving mastectomy is a multistage procedure in which the NAC and central mastectomy flap tissue is surgically delayed to improve the survivability in patients undergoing mastectomies followed by ...

Significant ptosis is a relative contraindication for nipple-sparing mastectomy and reconstruction. Repositioning of the nipple on the reconstructed breast is best accomplished using a pedicled approach that is risky in the immediate setting. We utilized a surgical delay before reconstruction that allowed for repositioning of the nipple-areola complex on an inferior pedicle. This also allows fo...

BACKGROUND Nipple pain is associated with early cessation of breastfeeding and may be caused by high intra-oral vacuum. However identification of high intra-oral vacuum is typically restricted to the research setting. This is the first reported case of an infant with high intra-oral vacuum that was clinically identified through a specific pattern of nipple trauma associated with nipple shield u...

BACKGROUND Nipple creation using the C-V flap technique is often the final step in breast reconstruction. The aim of this study was to subjectively and objectively assess the cosmetic outcomes and satisfaction of patients undergoing C-V flap nipple reconstruction. METHODS Subjective assessments of patient satisfaction with the neo-nipple were recorded by visual analogue scoring (VAS; 0-10). O...

INTRODUCTION nipple dichotomy (or intra-areolar polythelia) is a rare congenital malformation in which one or more supernumerary nipples are located within the same areola.A case of a woman undergoing a central quadrantectomy with a contralateral supernumerary nipple used for reconstruction is reported. No other report in the Literature, according to our search, has focused on reconstructive us...

Painful and/or damaged nipples associated with breastfeeding are common and represent a challenge for both the persons experiencing nipple pain and/or trauma and for those providing treatment. However, evidence-based data has been insufficient to demonstrably minimize these common reasons for failure to initiate or continue successful breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the eff...

INTRODUCTION Nipple-areola complex reconstruction (NAR) is the final procedure in breast reconstruction after the majority of mastectomies. Many methods of NAR have been described, each with inherent advantages and disadvantages depending on local healthy tissue availability, previous scarring and procedures, and the operative morbidity of the NAR technique. Nipple reconstructions may be compli...

Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is an unsupervised neural network using for object detection and recognition in numerous image processing applications. This paper presents a methodology to achieve an automated detection of nipples by obscene pictures. The proposed system is composed of a human skin detection using for non-skin removal process based on image processing and a nipple detection using for...

AIMS To find a pre-operative test for nipple and areola involvement in breast cancer. METHODS Areola-tumour distance was measured in 140 consecutive patients (median age 45, range: 23-83) undergoing a mastectomy. We analysed whether nipple and areola correlated with areola-tumour distance, tumour size, nodal status, perinodal involvement and lymphatic embolization. RESULTS The nipple was in...

Adenomatosis (adenoma, papillary adenoma, florid papillomatosis) of the nipple is a rare benign disorder involving the nipple witch can be mistaken clinically for Paget's disease and pathologically be misinterpreted as an adenocarcinoma. It occurs mostly in middle-aged women and is extremely rare in adolescents and children. Adenomatosis of the nipple is a well-known in women, but extremely rar...