Background: Disturbances in maternal care have been associated with increased risk for drug abuse later in life. However, there has been little investigation of the effects of maternal separation (MS), a model of early life stress, on nicotine dependence, specifically during adolescence. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of MS on nicotine-conditioned place preference (CPP...

Cigarette smoking is growing and nicotine is considered as the most adverse agent in the cigarette smoking. Nicotine is an alkaloid and forms 90% of alkaloids of cigarette. Nicotine is accountable for creating disorders and cancers such as lung cancer, heart disease and chronic lung disease. Nicotine can be considered as an autophagy and apoptosis inducer which can either directly or indirectly...

Tobacco smoking has emerged as a risk factor for increasing the susceptibility to infection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via increased expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) in lung, linked disease 2019 (COVID-19) development. Given modifiable nature electronic cigarettes and delivery high concentrations nicotine, we investigate whether cigaret...

Aim: According to World Health Organization data, around 1.5 billion people in the world use tobacco products. Nicotine, most common of tobacco, is main psychoactive substance that causes addiction. Exposure nicotine during pregnancy increases risk low placenta weight, stillbirth, congenital heart disease, musculoskeletal defect. Antioxidants are used protect against teratogenic substances such...

Currently, 7.6% of the U.S. young adults aged 18–24 years old use e-cigarettes. This study piloted three methods Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) cessation by measuring rates, motivational techniques that contributed to success, and participants’ changes after decreasing vape use. Participants were randomized into arms (nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) + behavioral support, vape-ta...

nicotine is an alkaloid by high level of addictive property that can quickly assimilate from smoker’s lung. it passes from the placenta and gathers in the developing fetus. our previous study showed that collagen type iv plays a critical role in basement membrane of different embryonic organs. in this study the effect of maternal nicotine was evaluated by collagen iv changes in lung of mice off...

aim and background: tobacco dependency is recognized as the first factor for the prevention of mortality worldwide. despite the negative impact of smoking on hypertension, therapists have been paid less attention to the effectiveness of psychological treatment of nicotine dependence of these patients. methods and materials: in this case- control pre-post test research with a quasi-experimental ...

background: nicotine, cotinine and cadmium are harmful components of cigarettes that have an effect on human reproductive function. although the effects of cigarette smoke on male reproductive function is characterized in several articles its mechanism of action is still unknown. in the present study, we investigate the effect of nicotine, cotinine and cadmium on human sperm creatine kinase act...