PAX6 is the key transcription factor involved in eye development in humans, but the differential functions of the two PAX6 isoforms, isoform-a and isoform-b, are largely unknown. To reveal their function in the corneal epithelium, PAX6 isoforms, along with reprogramming factors, were transduced into human non-ocular epithelial cells. Herein, we show that the two PAX6 isoforms differentially and...

We conducted a transcriptomic and small RNA analysis of infective juveniles (IJs) from three behaviourally distinct Steinernema species. Substantial variation was found in the expression shared gene orthologues, revealing signatures that correlate with behavioural states. Ninety-seven percent predicted microRNAs are novel to each Surprisingly, our data provide evidence new family non-coding tra...

Mutations in ATP13A2 (PARK9) have been linked to juvenile parkinsonism with dementia or Kufor-Rakeb syndrome (KRS). The ATP13A2 gene encodes at least three protein isoforms that arise by alternate splicing. A previous study indicated the Atp13a2(Isoform-1) protein is localized to lysosomes, whereas three separate mutations involved in disease cause retention of the protein in the ER. One specul...

We have observed that hamster prion protein (PrP(C)) undergoes conformational changes on exposure to heat or sonication. If a sonication induced new conformer is seeded with a small amount of its abnormal pathogenic isoform (PrP(Sc)) it undergoes a significant conversion to a proteinase-resistant isoform. This suggests the presence of a third stable PrP conformer, which may be intermediate in t...

The antiobesity effects of leptin are mediated by the obese receptor (OB-R), a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily. Several isoforms of OB-R that differ in the length of the cytoplasmic domain have been described. An isoform with a long cytoplasmic domain of 302 amino acids, termed OB-Rb, contains the conserved box 1 and box 2 motifs and is likely to be responsible for leptin-induced si...

To further understand the epidemiology of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), 89 extraintestinal B. fragilis strains from Seoul, Korea, were examined for secretion of B. fragilis toxin (BFT) by the HT29/C1 biologic assay and for the B. fragilis toxin gene (bft) by colony blot hybridization and PCR. Complete agreement between the three techniques was found. Overall, 34 B. fragilis strai...

Pancreatic cancer has a devastating prognosis due to 80-90% of diagnostic cases occurring when metastasis has already presented. Activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a prerequisite for metastasis because it allows for the dissemination of tumor cells to blood stream and secondary organs. Here, we sought to determine the role of SET oncoprotein, an endogenous inhibitor of...

3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5-(1H-indol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole was synthesized via the condensation of 3,4-dichlorobenzamidoxime and methyl 1H-indole-5-carboxylate using a superbasic medium (NaOH/DMSO). The compound tested as potential inhibitor human monoamine oxidase (MAO) A B. It demonstrated notable inhibition with an IC50 value 0.036 μM for MAO-B isoform specificity. product characterized by 1H...

Inhibition of Na,K-ATPase alpha2 isoforms in the human heart is supposed to be involved in the inotropic effect of cardiac glycosides, whereas inhibition of alpha1 isoforms may be responsible for their toxic effects. Human Na,K-ATPase alpha1 and alpha2 isoforms exhibit a high ouabain affinity but significantly differ in the ouabain association and dissociation rates. To identify the structural ...

Purpose: CD44, a cell surface glycoprotein, plays important roles in the development, progression, and metastasis of various tumor types. The aim of this study was to investigate how the expression of CD44 isoforms influences the interaction with hyaluronic acid (HA) and how differential isoform expression impacts antitumoral responses in vivo to treatment with RG7356, a humanized anti-CD44 ant...