This paper investigates determinants and consequences of net asset value discounts in listed private equity funds. Listed private equity funds share characteristics of closed-end mutual funds and traditional unlisted private equity funds and can therefore offer insights into both. Our results have particular relevance to the pricing of unlisted private equity funds where no market prices are ob...

BACKGROUND In the search for more straightforward ways of summarizing patient experiences and satisfaction, there is growing interest in the Net Promoter Score (NPS): How likely is it that you would recommend our company to a friend or colleague? OBJECTIVE To assess what the NPS adds to patient experience surveys. The NPS was tested against three other constructs already used in current surve...

Supplying sufficient early reflections to audience members is an important prerequisite to good acoustic quality in performing arts spaces. However, the relationship between the geometry of a room and its acoustic efficiency in terms of early energy has rarely been investigated using basic geometrical principles. The present study demonstrates the possibility of predicting the average value of ...

From preliminary design through product sustainment to end of life removal, optimal performance through the entire life cycle, is one of the most important design considerations in engineering systems. There are a number of mathematical modelling techniques available to determine the performance of any system, or process design. This paper focuses on the Petri Net technique for the representati...

Working papers of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland are preliminary materials circulated to stimulate discussion and critical comment on research in progress. They may not have been subject to the formal editorial review accorded official Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland publications. The views stated herein are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Federal Reserve Bank...

Sustaining efficiency and stability by properly controlling the equity to asset ratio is one of the most important and difficult challenges in bank management. Due to unexpected and abrupt decline of asset values, a bank must closely monitor its net worth as well as market conditions, and one of its important concerns is when to raise more capital so as not to violate capital adequacy requireme...

Switches and Crossings (S&C) are a fundamental part of any railway network, they allow trains to switch between tracks cross over other tracks. They consist various electrical mechanical components which there is substantial maintenance cost. Failure an S&C unit can cause significant disruption traffic have large financial implications. Therefore, planning their critical importance asse...