Purpose: The detection of mefloquine mutagenicity has not been achieved by the use of Salmonella typhimurium his TA1535, TA1537 as tester strains. With the introduction of improved and more sensitive strains, it is of interest to evaluate the current mutagenic and genotoxic status of the drug. This study presents data on the in-vitro mutagenic and genotoxic potentials of mefloquine hydrochlorid...

Although products of pyrolysis are often cytotoxic and mutagenic, the relationship between the type of material pyrolysed and the toxicity of the resulting pyrolysis products is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of several types of common pyrolysis products. The cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of these products were assess...

Fifteen mycotoxins and two chemically modified toxins were tested for mutagenic ability in the His revenant assay with the use of Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100. Bisfuranoid mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B,, aflatoxin G,, sterigmatocystin, and O-acetylsterigmatocystin were positive in the routine test method, and epoxide mycotoxins such as PR-toxin and crotocin were positive only when t...

The effects of mouse plasma, human plasma, and purified porcine liver carboxylesterase on nitrosourea, nitrosamide, and nitrosocarbamate chemical stability, mutagenicity, and DNA cross-linking activity were compared. These three classes of A/-nitroso compounds are chemically similar but displayed dif ferent biological activities and were affected differently by plasma and carboxylesterase. Nitr...

The ability of isolated rat liver endothelial and Kupffer cells to activate benzo(a)pyrene (BP), trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene (DDBP), trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrochrysene (DDCH), and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to mutagenic metabolites was assessed by means of a cell-mediated bacterial mutagenicity assay and compared with the ability of parenchymal cells to activate these compounds....

Chemical carcinogenicity has been the target of numerous attempts to create predictive models alternative to the animal ones, ranging from short-term biological assays (e.g. mutagenicity tests) to theoretical models. Among the theoretical models, the application of the science of structure-activity relationships (SAR) has earned special prominence. The qualitative approach to SAR has lead to th...

Diallyl sulfide (DAS) and diallyl disulfide (DADS), two garlic constituents, were found previously to inhibit aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1))-initiated carcinogenesis in rat liver, DADS being the most effective. In order to study the mechanisms involved in this protection, we have examined the ability of liver microsomes and cytosols from DAS- and DADS-treated rats to modulate the mutagenicity and the ...

Five datasets were constructed from ligand and bioassay result data from the literature. These datasets include bioassay results from the Ames mutagenicity assay, Greenscreen GADD-45a-GFP assay, Syrian Hamster Embryo (SHE) assay, and 2 year rat carcinogenicity assay results. These datasets provide information about chemical mutagenicity, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.

Mutagenicity studies in both man and in test organisms clearly demonstrate positive mutagenic activity of vinyl chloride. In terms of the mutagenicity studies using a variety of in vitro procedures covering both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, positive effects were found. Cytogenetic in vivo studies in animals and in humans indicate not only somatic mutations, but also germinal effects with this ch...