Cricket is becoming a fashionable team game throughout the world. One day internationals (ODI) have been able to bring more and more spectators to the cricket ground, due to the nature of its’ format. Among the ODI tournaments, the Champions trophy takes a significant place, as it is the second largest tournament after the global event of cricket world cup. This paper investigates the performa...

Clearly, the enthusiasm of the spectators. An estimated 15 million people lined the streets for the Olympic Torch Relay through the UK, including 4.2 million in London alone. More than 7 million spectators visited venues in the first 10 days of the Games and 2.7 million spectators visited the Olympic Park. More than 5 million people attended Live Sites where events were displayed on big screens...

RoboCupRescue Simulation is a large-scale multi-agent simulation of urban disasters where, in order to save lives and minimize damage, rescue teams must effectively cooperate despite sensing and communication limitations. The annually increasing number of teams participating in this league shows clearly that there is a high demand on research in this field. However, from our experience of parti...

We have made a robot soccer model using LEGO Mindstorms robots, which was shown at RoboCup98 during the World Cup in soccer in France 1998. For the robot soccer model, we constructed a stadium out of LEGO pieces, including stadium light, rolling commercials, moving cameras projecting images to big screens, scoreboard and approximately 1500 small LEGO spectators who made the “Mexican wave” as kn...

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be a very useful tool to help designers evaluate the indoor air quality and thermal comfort provided by HVAC systems. This paper describes how a CFD program is being used to guide the design process and optimize the ventilation system design for the world’s first indoor auto-racing facility. The facility is primarily a single space building with a floor ar...

Understanding consumers is elementary for practitioners in marketing. Consumers of sports events, the sports spectators, are a particularly complex consumer crowd. In order to identify and define their profiles different segmentation approaches can be found in literature, one of them being multidimensional segmentation. Multidimensional segmentation models correspond to the broad range of attit...

Purpose – Integrating several streams of theoretical reasoning such as social identity theory, congruity theory and the customer gratitude approach, the purpose of this paper is to develop a model of the antecedents and consequences of sponsor-stadium fit and examine the hypothesised relationships. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from professional football spectators in a non-...