the both atlantic side relations from the ancient time had been faced with too much challenge but the continuing of this relation is due to the common political and economical interests. the upper atlantic and the two organizations (nato, eu) still exist to gain the essential goals and the political and security connection which are boosting with the economical integration at the same time. but...

The economic effects of military spending is an important issue for developing countries, particularly for regions such as Sub Saharan Africa (SSA), has been through considerable turmoil, with high levels of conflict in the region and generally poor economic performance. There has, however, been a limited amount of empirical work on the area, particularly work that takes into account the years ...

The effects-based operations (EBO) concept has been proposed as an approach to maximizing efficiency and minimizing wasted effort in the pursuit of goals, military or otherwise. While not a new idea, it is an attempt to institutionalize the heretofore-intuitive approaches that many military commanders have exercised during periods of war. It has also arisen due to the complex nature of modern c...

During and after every military conflict or war, there appears to be rapports about military crimes which were done by military and civil personal of conflicting sides. The basis of these offences is different; however the common to these is psychological and psychical background. The psychological background is an indoctrination of troopers that all what they are doing is right, well for count...

Disputes over territory are a major contributing factor to the disruption of international relations. We believe that a cumulative, integrated, and continuously updated resource providing information about such disputes in an easily accessible form would be of benefit to intelligence analysts, military strategists, political scientists, and also to historians and others concerned with internati...

Many political scientists and policymakers argue that unmediated events—the successes and failures on the battlefield—determine whether the mass public will support military excursions. The public supports war, the story goes, if the benefits of action outweigh the costs of conflict. Other scholars contend that the balance of elite discourse influences public support for war. I draw upon survey...

OBJECTIVE The current conflict in Afghanistan is the first major military action in which the United States and other North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces have found themselves regularly engaged in combat at high altitudes. However, high altitude warfare is not a new concept in Asia by any means. METHODS This article will offer a short general historical review of high altitude wa...