The apple is the most common and culturally important fruit crop of temperate areas. The elucidation of its origin and domestication history is therefore of great interest. The wild Central Asian species Malus sieversii has previously been identified as the main contributor to the genome of the cultivated apple (Malus domestica), on the basis of morphological, molecular, and historical evidence...

Most fruit trees in the Rosaceae exhibit self-incompatibility, which is controlled by the pistil S gene, encoding a ribonuclease (S-RNase), and the pollen S gene at the S-locus. The pollen S in Prunus is an F-box protein gene (SLF/SFB) located near the S-RNase, but it has not been identified in Pyrus and Malus. In the Japanese pear, various F-box protein genes (PpSFBB(-α-γ)) linked to the S-RNa...

In an earlier paper, we showed that, in a multi-period setting (but with no multi-period commitment) with two client types (adverse selection) and a competitive insurer environment, a comparasin between periodic repetitions of the classic Rothschild-Stiglitz separating equilibrium contract menu and a second contract based on Bayesian learning (which we identify as a bonus-malus contract) yields...

to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant activity in some native iranian apple cultivars, some five cultivars namely: 'bekran', 'golab-e kermanshah', 'golab-e kohanz' 'golab-e sheikhi' and 'atlasi' were selected and compared with the standard cultivar 'gala'. the profiles related to four phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, quercetin-3-galactoside, catechin, and phloridzin) were deter...

Evaluation of ElecTIS bioreactor for the micropropagation Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill., an important autochthonous species Albania | Valbona Sota, Carla Benelli, Brunilda ?uko, Elektra Papakosta, Claudio Depaoli, Maurizio Lambardi, Efigjeni Kongjika Agricultural Journals

Under the assumptions of an open portfolio, i.e., considering that a policyholder can transfer his policy to another insurance company and continuous arrival new policyholders into portfolio which be placed any bonus classes not only in starting class, we developed model (Stochastic Vortices Model) estimate Long Run Distribution for Bonus Malus System. These hypothesis render quite representati...