introduction: due to penetration of pathogenic bacteria into the periodontal tissues in moderate to severe periodontitis, the mechanical methods are not sufficient in these cases. therefore, administration of local/systemic antibiotic is recommended following mechanical root debridement. however, side effects of antibiotics such as microbial resistance and patient allergy led to development of ...

INTRODUCTION Timely administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy has been shown to improve outcome in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Empirical treatment guidelines tailored to local ecology have been advocated in antibiotic stewardship programs. We compared a local ecology based algorithm (LEBA) to a surveillance culture based algorithm (SCBA) in terms of appropriate coverage and spectr...

BACKGROUND Unnecessary long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is linked to the emergence and selection of resistant bacteria, prolonged hospitalisation and increased costs. Several clinical trials indicate that the biomarker procalcitonin (PCT) can guide antibiotic therapy. Some of these trials have shown a promising reduction in the number of antibiotic prescriptions, duration of antibiot...

The advent of each new antibiotic is not an unmixed blessing. The advantage of acquiring another agent whose range of antibacterial activity parallels that of already existing antibiotics is somewhat offset by the necessity of re-evaluating the known in the light of the new unknown. And involved is not just the effectiveness of one agent versus another, but the relative cost, potential toxicity...

Remarkable shifts in antibiotic resistance have occurred in many important human pathogens over the last decade and a half. While some resistance types have declined in prevalence, others have accumulated sharply over the same timeframe. The implications for antibiotic therapy are significant and worrisome; infections due to multi-resistant strains are more difficult to treat and are not covere...

Minimization or elimination of antibiotic resistance in microbial species is an urgent need of the present times. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is a new therapeutic option through which development of resistance in microorganisms can be avoided. Interest in the use of photodynamic therapy to combat microbial infection is not only linked to the fact that this technique prevents antibiotic r...