We consider a service provider (SP) who provides access to a communication network or some other form of on-line services. Users initiate calls that belong to a set of diverse service classes. The SP charges a fee per call, which can depend on the current congestion level, and which aaects users' demand for calls. We provide a dynamic programming formulation of the problems of revenue and welfa...

acute venous congestion leads to blood stasis in the tissue and impaired blood perfusion. using medicinal leech is an old method of reducing tissue congestion. there are numerous factors in leech saliva and hirudin that have important roles in the leeching beneficial effect. in this study, an animal study was performed to compare leech therapy with heparin therapy in the treatment of acute veno...

W e consider production and service systems that consist of parallel lines of two types: (i) M/M/1 lines and (ii) lines that have no buffers (loss systems). Each line is assumed to be controlled by a dedicated supervisor. The management measures the effectiveness of the supervisors by the long run expected cost of their line. Unbalanced lines cause congestion and bottlenecks, large variation in...

Numerous examples of real time services arise in the service industry that can be modeled as loss systems. These include agent staffing for call centers, provisioning bandwidth for private line services, making rooms available for hotel reservations and congestion pricing for parking spaces. Given that arriving customers make their decision to join the system based on the current service price,...

With the emergence of the modern roundabout as an effective form of traffic control in the United States, more and more information is needed when situations arise in which additional traffic control is required. The signalization and metering of roundabouts can relieve congestion during peak hours of the day as well as possibly provide safer access for pedestrians and cyclists. Although the si...

Wireless Sensor Networks are gaining popularity due to the fact that they offer low-cost solutions for a variety of application areas, Wireless Sensor Network consists of multiple low cost sensors, densely deployed to monitor a particular event. Each sensor is deployed in different location for different purpose. Because of the unbalanced conditions, results of a particular sensor or group of s...

The North American freight railroad network is projected to experience rising transportation demand in the coming decades, leading to increased congestion on many rail lines. Capacity is further strained by increased interest in increasing the speed and frequency of passenger service on shared rail corridors. Since passenger trains in North America predominantly operate on corridors where freig...

Due to the Deregulation of electricity industry, the competition is growing day by day between the Generators as well as in Distributors. But due to the competition in electricity market, it may cause congestion in the transmission lines and can cause black out in any area. This will affect not only the generation of electricity but also the consumers. To avoid this problem, in competitive elec...

For the case of HME-based controllers, we see that queue length increases to a large peak at the initial stage, followed by a transient period of less than optimum link utilisation. This corresponds to the period before HME has learnt, because we h a ve used random initial weights for the HME. In actual applications, the combination of both on-line and o-line training may be necessary. The init...