We present evidence supporting the formation of a new, ( 2 X 8} surface reconstruction on Si1 -xGex alloys grown on ( 100) Si substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. Surfaces ofSi1 _ xGex alloys were studied using reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) techniques. RHEED patterns from samples with Ge concentrations, x, falling within the rang...

We report on the re-determination of the structure of p(2 2)Sb/Cu(001) from measured LEED I/V data. The structure solution is performed in two steps. First an approximate ‘‘image” of the surface structure model is found by an application to the measured data of the recently-proposed Phase and Amplitude Recovery and Diffraction Image Generation Method (PARADIGM). This reveals that the p(2 2) str...

A structural study has been performed on the MgO(111)-(1 · 1) surface by low energy electron diffraction (LEED) using experimental data obtained with a delay-line-detector LEED (DLD-LEED) system to minimize electron damage. It was found that the surface is terminated by a hydroxide layer with the topO–Mg interlayer spacing equal to 1.02 Å, which is close to the spacings betweenMg andO planes in...

Low-energy electron diffraction takes advantage of strong interactions between electrons and atoms to achieve highly sensitive and accurate surface structural determinations. The prize to pay for that sensitivity is that an appropriated analysis should include costly multiple scattering calculations. Dynamical LEED-IV calculations based on a trial and error procedure, present some limitations f...

The structure of the hydrogen terminated, (231) reconstructed diamond ~100! surface has been investigated by low-energy electron-diffraction ~LEED! intensity versus energy @I(E)# measurements in combination with tensor LEED calculations. It has been found that the surface corresponds to the formation of symmetric dimers on the top C layer, with a dimer length of 1.60 Å. The top layer shows slig...

We study how government green procurement policies influence private-sector demand for similar products. Specifically, we measure the impact of municipal policies requiring governments to construct green buildings on private-sector adoption of the US Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standard. Using matching methods, panel data, and instrumental varia...

Empirical evidence is provided to show that peer effects have statistically significant and positive impacts on the diffusion of green building certificates. Application and approval records of green certificates by commercial buildings in NY and AZ are used. The challenge of self-selection is addressed by the usage of fixed effects and the challenge of reflection is addressed by the time lag d...

The growth and ordering of 5-(10,15,20-triphenylporphyrinatonickel(ii))dimer (NiTPP-dimer) molecules on the Ag(111) surface have been investigated using scanning tunnelling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). At one monolayer (ML) coverage the NiTPP-dimer forms a well-ordered close-packed molecular layer in which the porphyrin molecules have a flat orie...