Incorporation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into liposomes dramatically reduces its ability to coagulate Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL). The coagulation of LAL is commonly used to signal the presence of endotoxin in vitro. This study demonstrates a simple method to release masked endotoxin from liposomal dispersions using moderate amounts of detergent to form mixed micelles containing lipid, dete...

The involvement of endocannabinoid receptors in the antinociceptive activity Lonchocarpus araripensis lectin (LAL) was investigated model carragenan-induced hypernociception. Swiss mice received LAL (10 mg/kg) by intravenous (i.v.) route 30 min before subcutaneous (s.c.) injection carrageenan paws. Animals were treated with antagonists CB1 (AM251) or CB2 (AM630) cannabinoid lectin. inhibited hy...

A chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) endpoint assay was found to be an accurate and rapid means of gauging levels of beef carcass microbial contamination within 10 min. The assay demonstrated a high correlation with the total mesophilic bacterial and coliform surface populations from inoculated beef carcass surface tissues. This assay was tested on a set of actual beef carcass surface ...

Light Affine Logic (LAL) is a system due to Girard and Asperti capturing the complexity class P in a proof-theoretical approach based on Linear Logic. LAL provides a typing for lambda-calculus which guarantees that a well-typed program is executable in polynomial time on any input. We prove that the LAL type inference problem for lambda-calculus is decidable (for propositional LAL). To establis...

In China, English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers seem to be in dilemma because of the discrepancy existing classroom teaching and assessment, new curriculum requirement, paucity assessment knowledge. To tackle these problems, there is an urgent need evaluate EFL teachers’ literacy (LAL) mitigate possible obstacles that face. Since term (AL) was firstly suggested, concept has been derived ...

The influence of sublethal concentrations of two sanitizers, liquid iodophor and liquid hypochlorite (LH), on the growth rates and toxicity of food-borne pathogenic Escherichia coli strains grown in the presence of spoilage yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii was assessed. When grown in combination with Z. bailii both E. coli O113 and E. coli O26 exhibited slower growth rates, except when E. coli O1...

To assay lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in solutions containing Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL)-inhibiting or LAL-enhancing compounds, we developed a selective endotoxin (LPS) assay using poly(epsilon-lysine)-immobilized cellulose beads (PL-Cellufine) and LAL. The PL-Cellufine can adsorb LPSs in a solution containing certain compounds (NaCl, proteins and amino acids) at an ionic strength of mu = 0.0...

Biomedical companies catch and bleed horseshoe crabs for the production of Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL), a product used for protecting public health (Berkson and Shuster, 1999). LAL is a clotting agent, derived solely from horseshoe crab blood cells, which is used to detect the presence of pathogenic gramnegative bacteria in injectable drugs and implantable medical and dental devices (Mikkels...

Therefore, improving teachers’ language assessment literacy (LAL) is one of the most important factors in assuring quality testing and (LTA). Thus, this study aimed to investigate perceived level LAL among Saudi in-service English as a foreign (EFL) teachers. Additionally, it identify aspects that EFL teachers wish improve through further professional training. Two research questions were formu...

BACKGROUND As reported elsewhere, there are several drawbacks associated with traditional liposuction: increased blood loss, ecchymoses, long recovery times with increased postoperative discomfort, and skin laxity. Laser-assisted lipolysis (LAL) is an emerging technology, but the level of safety associated with this device has not been reported. In October 2006, a 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser was appro...