A psychological profile was developed on North Korean leader Kim Jong-il based on a South Korean psychiatrist’s evaluation of 14 personality disorders in DSMIV-TR and of schizophrenic and psychotic symptoms. The psychiatrist, considered an expert on Kim Jong-il’s behavior, completed the informant version of the standardized, DSM-IV-TR aligned, 225-item Coolidge Axis II Inventory (CATI). The res...

Kant argued that individuals should be punished “proportional to their internal wickedness,” and recent work has demonstrated essentialism—the notion observable characteristics reflect internal, biological, unchanging “essences”—influences moral judgment. However, these efforts have yielded conflicting results: essentialism sometimes increases decreases condemnation. To resolve discrepancies, w...

Purpose Public health strategies and activities are intrinsically complex. According to the literature, this “wickedness” depends on different interests expectations of stakeholders community, fragmented governance related services challenges in measuring assessing public outcomes. Existent performance measures management systems for not designed cope with wickedness since they mainly focused i...

the direct voice of the poet hides from the beginning of the poem to its end, or the name that the poet speaks through which about himself detached from his or her substantiality, or he is just a historic character..., behind that the poet hides himself to interpret the situation that he wants or to criticize the vices of modern age through it, or to speak of it for some of his concerns and wor...

William Lane Craig’s defence of the kalam cosmological argument rests heavily on two philosophical arguments against a past-eternal universe. In this article I take issue with one of these arguments, what I call the ‘Hilbert’s Hotel Argument’ – namely, that the metaphysical absurdity of an actually infinite number of things existing precludes the possibility of a beginningless past. After expla...