one of the main subjects of rhetoric is assigning the truth and falsity of declarative sentences. if a proposition may be assessed as a truth or falsity, it will be considered as a declarative sentence, otherwise it will be compositional. there were some theologians and philosophers who brought up the discussion of truth and untruth of declaration for the first. although all literal proposition...

this paper offers an analysis of a hitherto neglected text on insoluble propositions dating from the late XiVth century and puts it into perspective within the context of the contemporary debate concerning semantic paradoxes. the author of the text is the italian logician Peter of Mantua (d. 1399/1400). the treatise is relevant both from a theoretical and from a historical standpoint. by appeal...

I am not very satisfied by the familiar accounts of our two key notions and their relation. There is no point here in extensive critical discussions. Let us look just at two prominent examples. When one wants to know what knowledge is, one needs to know what true justified belief is. Part of the issue thus is when to call a belief justified. TIns is hotly debated, producing more smoke than fire...