PURPOSE To investigate changes in percentage of tyrosine kinase (trk)A-, trkB-, and trkC-immunopositive ((+)) retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) at various times after optic nerve (ON) axotomy; the proportion of RGCs regenerating axons into peripheral nerve (PN) grafts that are trkA(+), trkB(+), and trkC(+); whether intravitreal PN-ON implants affect trk immunoreactivity; and the levels of trk mRNAs...

Promising management of eye ailments take off effective concentration of drug at the eye for sufficient period of time. Ocular drug delivery is hampered by the barriers protecting the eye. The bioavailability of the active drug substance is often the major hurdle to overcome. Conventional ocular dosage form, including eye drops, are no longer sufficient to combat ocular diseases. This article r...

The vitreous body has become an interesting location for the administration of injections or implants in modern ophthalmology. Such intravitreal dosage forms are loaded with active agents which are released over a prolonged period of time. A test method simulating the in vivo situation is needed to observe the release behaviour of these new dosage forms and the distribution of drug substances i...

PURPOSE To report our experience with bilateral placement of dexamethasone 0.7 mg (DEX) sustained-release intravitreal implant in the management of noninfectious posterior uveitis or macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion. METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients with bilateral noninfectious posterior uveitis and macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion who were tr...

We report a 64-year-old diabetic woman who developed neovascularization of the posterior capsule 2 years after cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation. The patient was treated with single injection of 1.25 mg of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) via pars plana. After one week, complete regression of the posterior capsule neovascularization was achieved allowing us to perform Nd: YAG...

of blindness among the elderly. In the US, more than eight million people suffer from this disease; this number is projected to increase many-fold by 2020.1 AMD can be of the dry and wet form and is a consequence of excessive aging associated with alterations in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In wet AMD, CNV occurs with fluid build-up in the sub-retinal space. The dry form of AMD is asso...

Introduction: Because of bilateral involvement in many cases with diabetic macular edema, Intravitreal bevacizumab injection perform in both eyes. There are some reports of therapeutic effects in the fellow eye after monocular injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors. In this study we describe a case of bilateral improvement of diabetic macular edema following unil...

: This narrative review highlights routes of ocular drug delivery for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is the leading cause irreversible blindness in industrialized countries and accounts 8.7% worldwide. Advanced can be classified into two subtypes: late-stage dry [known as geographic atrophy (GA)] neovascular (nAMD). GA often bilateral results from progressive loss photoreceptors ar...

PURPOSE To evaluate the use of a slow-release dexamethasone 0.7-mg intravitreal implant for cystoid macular edema (CME) secondary to intermediate uveitis and refractory to systemic steroids. METHODS A retrospective study of the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular inflammation, intraocular pressure (IOP), fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), inflammation, and ad...